A Novel Yolk–Shell Fe3O4@ Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticle as an Effective Tumor-Targeting Nanocarrier for Improvement of Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy

Owing to their good stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency, the development of carbon-based nanoparticles has been intensively investigated, while the limitation of unsatisfactory cellular internalization impedes their further clinical application. Herein, we report a novel strategy for fabrication of Fe₃O₄ yolk–shell mesoporous carbon nanocarriers (Fe₃O₄@hmC) with monodispersity and uniform size, which presented significantly higher cell membrane adsorption and cellular uptake properties in comparison with common solid silica-supported mesoporous carbon nanoparticles with core–shell structure. Moreover, the MRI performance of this novel Fe-based nanoparticle could facilitate precise tumor diagnosis. More importantly, after DOX loading (Fe₃O₄@hmC-DOX), owing to synergistic effect of chemo–phototherapy, this therapeutic agent exhibited predominant tumor cell ablation capability under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation, both in vitro and in vivo. Our work has laid a solid foundation for therapeutics with hollowed carbon shell for solid tumor diagnosis and therapy in clinical trials.     

Mechanisms of Pannexin 1 (PANX1) Channel Mechanosensitivity and Its Pathological Roles

Pannexins (PANX) were cloned based on their sequence homology to innexins (Inx), invertebrate gap junction proteins. Although there is no sequence homology between PANX and connexins (Cx), these proteins exhibit similar configurations. The PANX family has three members, PANX1, PANX2 and PANX3. Among them, PANX1 has been the most extensively studied. The PANX1 channels are activated by many factors, including high extracellular K⁺ ([K⁺]_e), high intracellular Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i), Src family kinase (SFK)-mediated phosphorylation, caspase cleavage and mechanical stimuli. However, the mechanisms mediating this mechanosensitivity of PANX1 remain unknown. Both force-from-lipids and force-from-filaments models are proposed to explain the gating mechanisms of PANX1 channel mechanosensitivity. Finally, both the physiological and pathological roles of mechanosensitive PANX1 are discussed.     

Uncovering Hierarchical Regulation among MYB-bHLH-WD40 Proteins and Manipulating Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Rice

Anthocyanins accumulate in various organs of rice, and the regulatory genes involved in pigmentation of specific organs, such as pericarp, hull, leaf, apiculus, and stigma have been elucidated. However, the corresponding gene for rice culm pigmentation has not been clarified. The well-known MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex plays vital role in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in plants. However, the core members of MBW and the hierarchical regulation between these members are not fully elucidated in rice. Here, by map-based cloning, we identified the culm-specific pigmentation gene S1 whose alleles are also known for hull/pericarp pigmentation. We also clarified that one WD40 protein encoding gene, WA1, is indispensable for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. In the cascading regulation among MBW members, S1 (bHLH) acts as the master gene by activating the expression of C1 (MYB), and then C1 activates the expression of WA1 (WD40), which is unique in plant species. This enables MBW members to be coordinated in a common way to efficiently regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Based on these studies, we explored the minimal gene set required for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. These findings will help us design new rice varieties with anthocyanin accumulation in specific organs as needed.     

轨道交通站点TOD合理区范围探讨——以广州地铁二号线江南西站为例

通过问卷调查分析,将TOO合理区范围的研究上升到设施使用层面,即按照交通设施利用率和交通影响范围的方法来确定轨道交通车站合理区阀值.该方法具有简便、实用,结果更符合实际等特点,适用于任何孤立的快速公交站点的合理区范围的确定,但不适用于涉及两个或两个以上车站的研究.     

An Iron Refractory Phenotype in Obese Adipose Tissue Macrophages Leads to Adipocyte Iron Overload

Adipocyte iron overload is a maladaptation associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The objective of the current study was to determine whether and how adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate adipocyte iron concentrations and whether this is impacted by obesity. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) polarized to M0, M1, M2, or metabolically activated (MMe) phenotypes, we showed that MMe BMDMs and ATMs from obese mice have reduced expression of several iron-related proteins. Furthermore, the bioenergetic response to iron in obese ATMs was hampered. ATMs from iron-injected lean mice increased their glycolytic and respiratory capacities, thus maintaining metabolic flexibility, while ATMs from obese mice did not. Using an isotope-based system, we found that iron exchange between BMDMs and adipocytes was regulated by macrophage phenotype. At the end of the co-culture, MMe macrophages transferred and received more iron from adipocytes than M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. This culminated in a decrease in total iron in MMe macrophages and an increase in total iron in adipocytes compared with M2 macrophages. Taken together, in the MMe condition, the redistribution of iron is biased toward macrophage iron deficiency and simultaneous adipocyte iron overload. These data suggest that obesity changes the communication of iron between adipocytes and macrophages and that rectifying this iron communication channel may be a novel therapeutic target to alleviate insulin resistance.     

燃气埋地钢制管道外防腐层完整性检测的应用及探讨

本文简要介绍了燃气埋地钢制管道外防腐层完整性检测的基本原理和方法,通过新、旧管道的完整性检测案例,叙述了完整性检测的过程,并分析了需要注意的因素和存在的问题,提出了解决外防腐层完整性检测的一些建议,希望对今后其他类似工程提供一定的参考.     

Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiling of RIP2 Knockdown in Chicken HD11 Cells When Infected with Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC)

Colibacillosis is an acute and chronic avian disease caused by avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Previous studies have demonstrated that RIP2 plays a significant role in APEC infection. Moreover, increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in host–pathogen interactions and the immune response. However, the role of miRNAs in the host against APEC infection remains unclear. Herein, we attempted to reveal new miRNAs potentially involved in the regulation of the immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection, with a particular focus on those possibly correlated with RIP2 expression, via miRNA-seq, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and CCK-8. The results showed that a total of 93 and 148 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the knockdown of RIP2 cells following APEC infection (shRIP2+APEC) vs. knockdown of RIP2 cells (shRIP2) and shRIP2 vs. wild-type cells (WT), respectively. Among those identified DE miRNAs, the biological function of gga-miR-455-5p was investigated. It was found that gga-miR-455-5p regulated by RIP2 was involved in the immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection via targeting of IRF2 to modulate the expression of type I interferons. Additionally, RIP2 could directly regulate the production of the type I interferons. Altogether, these findings highlighted the crucial role of miRNAs, especially gga-miR-455-5p, in host defense against APEC infection.     

A Bifunctional-Modulated Conformal Li/Mn-Rich Layered Cathode for Fast-Charging,High Volumetric Density and Durable Li-Ion Full Cells

Lithium- and manganese-rich (LMR) layered cath-ode materials hold the great promise in designing the next-genera-tion high energy density lithium ion batteries....     

基于模糊算法的移动机器人行为融合理论研究

机器人体系结构是机器人的基础。本文采用预先设计好的四种机器人基本行为设计了基于功能分解的机器人体系结构,在此基础上指出了此结构的缺点,提出了新的基于模糊算法的行为融合理论。最后通过机器人专用仿真软件进行仿真,结果表明模糊算法用于机器人的体系结构中能有效改善机器人的性能。