Fuel management of the HTR-10 including the equilibrium state and the running-in phase

The mode of fuel management of the HTR-10 was studied, including the simulation of the fuel shuffling process and the measurement of the burnup of a fuel element. The prior consideration was the design of the equilibrium state. Based on this the fuel loading of the initial core and the fuel shuffling mode from the initial core through the running-in phase into the equilibrium state were studied. The code system VSOP was used for the physical layout of the HTR-10 at the equilibrium state and in the running-in phase. For the equilibrium state, in order to lessen the difference between the peak and the average burnup, 5-fuel-passage-through-the-core was chosen for the fuel management. The average burnup of the spent fuel for the equilibrium core is 80 000 MWd t⁻¹, and the peak value of it is less than 100 000 MWd t⁻¹ when the burnup of the recycled fuel element is under 72 000 MWd t⁻¹. The mixture of fuel element and graphite element was used for the initial core loading, the volume fractions of the fuel and the graphite elements were 0.57 and 0.43, respectively. During the running-in phase, the volume fraction of graphite will decrease with the fresh fuel elements being loaded from the top of the core and the graphite elements discharged from the bottom of the core. The fuel shuffling mode is similar to that of the equilibrium state. The burnup limit of recycled fuel element is also 72 000 MWd t⁻¹ and the peak burnup is less than 100 000 MWd t⁻¹. Finally the core will be full of fuel elements with a certain profile of burnup and reaches the equilibrium state. According to the characteristics of the pebble-bed high temperature gas-cooled reactor, a calibrating method of concentration of ¹³⁷Cs was proposed for the measurement of fuel burnup.     

应用底饲回燃循环流化床技术改造东锅DG35/3.82-7型流化床锅炉

采用飞灰循环底饲回燃技术改造西南合成制药总厂热电分厂、天府矿务局磨心坡发电厂2台东方DG35/3.82-7型低倍率循环流化床锅炉。改造后运行结果表明,锅炉可长期、稳定运行,尾部飞灰可燃物含量大幅度降低,锅炉蒸发量提高20％左右,节煤效果明显。为燃用贫煤、无烟煤和煤矸石等劣质燃料且锅炉炉膛高度较低的电站技改,提供了一种切实可行的方法。     

多烟管燃气开水炉的结构与应用

小型燃气 (或其它燃料 )开水炉是许多工厂、机关等公共场所必备的饮水设备。目前市场上多数这种类型的炉子热效率较低。根据本单位设计的容水量为 5 0 0kg燃气开水炉的设计测试及使用情况 ,剖析了多烟管开水炉的结构及热工参数。总结了该炉成功的经验及尚需解决的问题 ,对于提高该类型炉子热效率及使用寿命 ,具有一定的借鉴作用     

对高炉冷却壁设计参数的探讨

通过炉衬、冷却壁、炉壳等与炉内温度之间的传热计算，对冷却壁的设计参数进行了搪塞分析，并提出了推荐的冷却壁设计参数。     

砂岩气藏水基欠平衡钻井逆流自吸效应实验研究

采用水基钻井液欠平衡钻开砂岩气层时，欠平衡压差往往并不能完全抵消岩石的自吸毛细管力，从而产生逆流自吸效应。这种自吸效应可能对砂岩气藏水基欠平衡钻井的储层保护效果产生影响，但目前与之有关的实验研究还很缺乏。为此，设计了一套实验装置，模拟水基欠平衡条件，研究了砂岩基块孔隙逆流自吸规律及其影响因素。结果表明，水基欠平衡钻井过程的逆流自吸效应引起岩石气相渗透率降低，削弱欠平衡钻井的储层保护效果；欠平衡压差越小，逆流自吸作用越强，过小的欠压值不能起到欠平衡钻井保护储层的作用；随着逆流自吸时间延长、围压增加和黏土矿物膨胀，逆流自吸导致气相渗透率下降的程度加剧；逆流自吸引起的气相渗透率下降速率可以表示成时间的幂函数。     

钻井液与油气层损害及保护室内研究中的数学方法

介绍了在钻井液与油气层损害及保护研究领域里常用的数种具有推广应用价值的数学方法，说明了各种方法的基本原理及其在此研究领域中的具体应用成果。     

并购是手段,效益是目的,整合是保障--对中国啤酒工业规模扩张潮的思考

近年来啤酒工业掀起并购扩张高潮，虽然规模扩张，但是却没有带来经济效益的同步增长。其主要原因是：扩张后生产能力未能充分发挥；价格战的扼制；没有充分的资金、人力对并购企业进行内部整合。而内部整合重于规模扩张建设，扩张的目的不是简单做大，而是要做强。有效的整合应做到：（1）具备充足的整合能力。（2）被并购企业积极支持内部整合。（3）加强企业文化整合，使两种企业文化完美融合，并形成一种新的文化。（君健）     

“仪表系统接地设计规定”介绍

概述“仪表系统接地设计规定”（2000版）的内容，重点介绍等电位联结的接地方式及其特点。     

非晶Sm5Fe74.3Nb1.5Si11.7B4.5C2.5Cu0.5合金经预退火后的晶化动力学的DTA研究

研究了非晶Sm5Fe74.3Nb1.5Si11.7B4.5C2.5Cu0.5合金经400℃，保温10min预退火后的晶化动力学。结果表明；该合金的晶化相为α-Fe固溶体和Sm2Fe17Cx金属间化合物，两相的晶化表观激活能分别为557KJ/mol和514KJ/mol，当晶化体积分数为60%时，α-Fe相的晶化激活能达极大值；Sm2Fe17Cx相晶化激活能则随其晶化体积分数的增加而逐渐减小。     

焊接史

本文追溯了19世纪末发明的电弧焊接的历史。当Oscar Kjellberg成立伊萨公司以探索他发明的涂层焊条时，伊萨从一开始就和电弧焊的发展结下了不解之缘。