有机硅氧烷对硅丙微乳液的影响(英文)

采用种子乳液聚合法引入乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷(C-1706)改性丙烯酸酯乳液来制备高性能硅丙微乳液。着重探讨了有机硅氧烷单体及其滴加方式对乳液性能的影响,发现引入1.5%的C-1706可将乳液涂膜的硬度提高到7.3,并将其吸水率降低到4.2;且当采用硅氧烷的后滴加方式时,可有效抑制乳液聚合过程中硅氧烷的水解和缩合反应。此外,借助扫描电镜和透射电镜分析聚合产物涂膜形态和共聚乳液的粒径及其分布,结果表明改性后的硅丙微乳液的粒径可控制在50~70 nm之间,C-1706的引入可有效提高微乳液的综合性能。     

BitTorrent网络节点间流量的数据采集和分析

BitTorrent网络流量占据了互联网总流量的很大比例,吸引了大量专家学者的专注,然而现有实测工具无法实时记录BT网络中节点间的流量交互情况,有关真实BT网络中节点间流量的研究很少。建立了一个BT网络节点间流量的数据采集系统,将其部署在全球性实验平台Planetlab之后得到了真实数据,并验证了数据的正确性。通过对实测数据的分析和研究发现:(1)Tracker服务器在为各下载节点随机返回邻居节点列表时会受到各节点入网时间的影响;(2)50%以上的下载节点从种子处下载的数据为零,大部分下载节点的数据下载对种子的依赖性不大,从而深刻地体现出P2P应用模式的优越性。     

基于EFPN的模糊离散事件系统可诊断性分析

针对模糊有限自动机及模糊Petri网在模糊离散事件系统(Fuzzy Discrete Event System,FDES)行为建模中的不足,提出一种扩展模糊Petri网(Extended Fuzzy Petri Net,EFPN),并基于EFPN构造了FDES行为模型及系统故障诊断器。EFPN以一种新的事件模型为基础对FDES的系统行为进行建模,并根据事件触发矩阵计算下一系统状态中各分量的可能性分布。与模糊有限自动机及模糊Petri网的对比分析表明,在描述FDES模糊事件时,对于同步距离为0的一组事件所造成的影响,EFPN的表达能力强于经典模糊Petri网;在对含有多个状态分量的FDES建模时,EFPN模型的规模远小于模糊有限自动机。在基于EFPN构造的系统行为模型中,运用可达状态标识图分析系统状态集,可有效地构造FDES的故障诊断器,并可据此进行系统可诊断性分析。     

一种基于区分矩阵的属性组合权重构造方法

详细分析了以基于Pawlak的属性重要度来构造属性权重的方法存在的问题,给出了一种基于区分矩阵的属性重要度的定义方法,并且得到了该定义方法的一些重要性质。在此基础上提出了一种新的信息系统属性权重构造方法,新方法是以条件属性在整个信息系统中的贡献度来确定属性权重,不仅反映了属性自身区分对象的能力,而且体现了各属性在整个条件属性中的分类能力。通过算例分析表明,该方法得到的属性权重更加贴近事实,因此它能提高属性权重的准确度。     

微波辐射合成4(3H)-喹唑酮

以邻氨基苯甲酸和甲酰胺为原料,在无溶剂条件下采用微波辐射法合成4(3H) 喹唑酮。实验结果表明:n(甲酰胺)/n(邻氨基苯甲酸)=10,反应物加热预混合,甲酰胺分批加料,微波辐射强度为180W,微波辐射时间为6～8min时,邻氨基苯甲酸的转化率可达96%以上,4(3H) 喹唑酮的收率在94%以上,反应速率比常规加热条件下提高45倍。     

基于组件的大数据分析服务平台

随着数据规模的快速增长,单机的数据分析工具已经无法满足需求。针对大数据的分析问题,设计并实现了一种基于组件的大数据分析服务平台Haflow。Haflow自定义了业务流程模型和可扩展的组件接口,组件接口支持各种异构工具的集成。系统接收用户定义的业务流程,将其翻译成执行流程实例,提交到Hadoop分布式集群上执行。Haflow是一个可扩展的、分布式的、支持异构分析工具的、面向服务的大数据分析服务平台。提出该平台有两重意义:一方面平台将与数据分析业务无关的工作封装起来,支持各种异构组件,以加快分析应用的开发速度;另一方面,平台后端使用Hadoop分布式系统来实现多任务的并发,从而提高应用的平均执行速度。     

Study on esterification of acrylic phenolic resin by maleic anhydride and photocrosslinking properties of the alkali‐soluble product

An alkali‐soluble, photocrosslinkable polymer was synthesized by esterification of OH groups of acrylic phenolic resin with maleic anhydride. The OH groups were formed by the ring‐opening reaction of epoxy groups of epoxy phenolic resin with acrylic acid. The esterification conditions were studied. The results showed that it is better to use tetramethyl ammonium bromide as catalyst than N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine. The conversion of maleic anhydride in acetone can reach about 80% at 56°C for 4 h. The purified product was characterized by IR, DSC, and TGA. The product containing acrylate and maleic acid monoester groups, above a certain content, can be dissolved in 1% Na₂CO₃ solution. The photocrosslinkable properties of the product were investigated through selection of photoinitiator, accelarator, crosslinkable diluent monomer, etc. The acrylate and maleic acid monoester group‐containing phenolic resin exhibited very good photocrosslinking behavior, since it contains double bonds from both acrylate groups and maleic acid monoester groups. The activity of photoinitiator decreases in the order: isopropylthioanthraquinone > benzoin ethyl ether (BE) > anthraquinone (AQ) > benzophenone > Michel ketone (MK) > 2,2‐diethoxyacetophenone. The combination of some photoinitiators showed synergistic effects. The order of increasing activity for the accelerator is as follows: MK > ethyl p‐(dimethylamino)benzoate > N,N‐dimethylaniline > triethanolamine. The optimum diluent monomer is trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The gel content of the mixture of the resin and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate could reach 85% using the combined photoinitiators of BE and AQ under UV exposure for 120 s. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1607–1614, 2005     

一种MMC型VSC-HVDC系统预充电的控制策略

模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)是一种新型的电压源换流器拓扑,很适合于柔性直流输电(Voltage Source Converter Topology Applied in Voltage Source Converter-high Voltage Direct Current,VSC-HVDC)场合。在系统正常运行之前,MMC中的电容需进行预充电操作,以建立额定的电容电压和直流母线电压。首先介绍了传统启动方式存在的缺陷,为弥补这些不足,结合MMC启动时的数学模型,在详细分析换流器电容预充电动态过程的基础上,采用载波移相(Carrier Phase Shifted Modulation,CPSM)策略提出了一种适用于MMC可控阶段的新型启动方法。设计了电容电压参考值给定方式、内环电流控制以及外环电压控制,该预充电策略在限制过电流和避免过电压的同时,兼顾启动的速度和效率,提高了柔性直流输电系统启动的快速性和可靠性。由在Matlab/Simulink中所构建模型的仿真结果可以看出,所提出的控制策略正确、有效。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel,temperature‐sensitive microgels based on N‐isopropylacrylamide and tert‐butyl acrylate

A series of temperature‐sensitive microgels based on N‐isopropylacrylamide as the main monomer, tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) as the comonomer, and N,N′‐methylene‐bis(acrylamide) as the crosslinker were synthesized with a modified surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization method. The chemical structure and global shape with an excellent monodispersity of the microgels were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The temperature‐sensitive behavior of the microgels was investigated by dynamic light scattering and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometric analysis. The results show that the volume phase‐transition temperature of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐tert‐butyl acrylate) [poly(NIPAM‐co‐tBA)] microgels were tuned over a broad range by the incorporated amount of tBA comonomer and their temperature sensitivity decreased with increasing content of tBA units incorporated into the microgel network. Furthermore, the swelling ratios of the poly (NIPAM‐co‐tBA) microgels were lowered gradually with increasing tBA unit content within the microgel network. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2962–2967, 2007     

ZPW-2000A轨道电路断轨态分析

轨道电路断轨态接受端电压阈值的界定是影响断轨检测系统可行性及可靠性的关键因素。针对ZPW-2000A轨道电路的断轨态进行仿真分析,在轨道电路断轨态数学模型的建立中考虑了电气绝缘节的等效阻抗以及补偿电容等单元对轨道电路传输特性的影响,利用分布参数模型法推导得出其传输矩阵参数。并在不同的道床电阻和断轨点条件下,利用Matlab软件仿真分析了ZPW-2000A轨道电路断轨态接受端轨面电压的变化。结果表明道床电阻和断轨点位置是影响轨道电路接受端轨面电压的两个重要因素,随着道床电阻和断轨点的变化,断轨态接受端电压始终存在着一个极大值。该仿真模型的建立及其分析方法为ZPW-2000A轨道电路断轨检测的阈值确定提供了一定的依据。