Pad effects on material-removal rate in chemical-mechanical planarization

The role of a porous pad in controlling material-removal rate (MRR) during the chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) process has been studied numerically. The numerical results are used to develop a phenomenological model that correlates the forces on each individual abrasive particle to the applied nominal pressure. The model provides a physical explanation for the experimentally observed domains of pressure-dependent MRR, where the pad deformation controls the load sharing between active-abrasive particles and direct pad-wafer contact. The predicted correlations between MRR and slurry characteristics, i.e., particle size and concentration, are in agreement with experimentally measured trends reported by Ouma¹ and Izumitani.²     

Nonepitaxial Orientation in Sol–Gel Bismuth Titanate Films

Control over crystallographic orientation in ceramic thin films is important for highly anisotropic structures. Layered perovskites, like Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, have interesting properties associated with their ferroelectric nature, which may be fully exploited only when films are highly textured. Textured films of this titanate were fabricated via a sol–gel technique without using epitaxial growth. Orientation in the film is confirmed by XRD and SEM, and supported by refractive index and dielectric measurements. In an attempt to explain the orienting effect, light scattering experiments were conducted to yield information about the molecular size, shape, and conformation of macromolecules as the sol–gel solution ages and condensation reactions proceed. These experiments clearly show an increase in the size of molecular clusters with time. We believe that it is the organization of these large clusters during spin coating, and the relationship of the backbone chemistry to the crystal structure of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, that are responsible for the observed orientation.     

中国台湾电信市场现状

台湾电信市场的开放大致分四个阶段,从1995年起,陆续开放了移动通信、卫星通信及固定通信等多种业务。固网市场,2001年新世纪资通、台湾固网和力霸宽频电信的加入打破了中华电信的独家垄断,开始形成四强竞争的新局面。移动领域,1997年底6家运营商8张民营执照的发放开始了该领域史无前例的竞争。在2001年1月,台湾大哥大、远致电信、亚太行动宽频、联邦电信和中华电信获得了3G执照,累计竞标金额达488.99亿元(新台币)。     

漫湾电厂水轮机顶盖漏水排水问题及解决方案

分析了漫湾电厂水轮机顶盖的漏水原因,提出了解决漏水的技术改造措施,同时对排水策略进行了研究,改造后经过1年的试验运行表明,取得了良好的效果,说明改造是成功的。     

OSEK/VDX——汽车电子系统的开放式平台

介绍了当前在国际汽车工业界日益占据主导地位的汽车电子系统开放式平台--OSEK/VDX体系.详细地论述了这种体系的由来、运行机制和最新的发展动向,以及它对汽车电子技术发展的深远影响.     

耐高温微生物驱油提高低渗透油藏采收率先导性试验

胜利油田东辛高温低渗透油藏含蜡高,常温微生物无法存活,针对这一问题,引进美国NPC公司耐高温菌种,在Y6-16井组开展高温低渗油藏微生物驱油提高采收率研究和现场试验。施工后Y6-16井日增注52m3,表皮系数由施工前的2.069减小为施工后的-6.31,油层污染得到较好改善;原油含蜡量、胶质沥青质含量降低,轻质组分增加,重质组分降低;井组采收率提高5.09个百分点。     

机组油膜振荡故障的诊断和处理

通过对广州发电厂1号机组3号轴承突发剧烈振动的现象和测试结果的分析，对振动故障进行诊断并提出解决办法，对3号轴承轴瓦进行处理后，机组恢复正常运行状态。     

A new family of yeast genes implicated in ergosterol synthesis is related to the human oxysterol binding protein

We have identified three yeast genes, KES1, HES1 and OSH1, whose products show homology to the human oxysterol binding protein (OSBP). Mutations in these genes resulted in pleiotropic sterol-related phenotypes. These include tryptophan-transport defects and nystatin resistance, shown by double and triple mutants. In addition, mutant combinations showed small but apparently cumulative reductions in membrane ergosterol levels. The three yeast genes are also functionally related as overexpression of HES1 or KES1 alleviated the tryptophan-transport defect in kes1Δ or osh1Δ mutants, respectively. Our study implicates this new yeast gene family in ergosterol synthesis and provides comparative evidence of a role for human OSBP in cholesterol synthesis.     

Ti-23Al-14Nb-3V合金氩弧焊接头的显微组织及其力学性能

研究了预热对Ｔｉ－２３Ａｌ－１４Ｎｂ－３Ｖ合金焊接性，特别是对消除氩弧焊冷裂纹的作用以及对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，焊前预热可有效降低该合金的冷裂倾向。经预热处理后，焊缝区的结晶层状线消失，热影响区的硬度峰得到缓和，整个焊缝的显微硬度分布趋于均匀，但焊缝区的枝晶发生粗化，热影响区有所扩大。焊件接头的拉伸试验表明，预热可使焊缝区的接头强度系数增加，但无论预热与否，接头强度均低于母材强度，且不显示宏观塑性。