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41.
Log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of higher-order annular laser beams in a turbulent medium 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Baykal Y 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2005,22(4):672-679
Log-amplitude and phase-correlation and structure functions of higher-order annular laser beams in a turbulent atmosphere are derived. A higher-order annular beam source is defined as the superposition of two different higher-order Hermite-Gaussian beams. A special case of such an excitation is the annular Gaussian beam in which two beams operate at fundamental modes of different Gaussian beam sizes, yielding a doughnut-shaped (annular) beam when the second beam is subtracted from the first beam. Our formulation utilizes Rytov approximation, which makes it applicable in the weak-turbulence regime, especially for log-amplitude fluctuations. Limiting cases of our formulations correctly match with known higher-order-mode solutions that in turn reduce to the Gaussian-beam-wave (TEM00-mode) results. Our results can be applied to determine the scintillation index and the phase fluctuations in free-space optics links under higher-order annular laser beam excitation. Except for the numerical evaluation of a specific example covering an annular Gaussian beam, the results in general are left in integral form and need to be numerically evaluated in detail to obtain quantitative results. 相似文献
42.
Ethanol and lactic acid production using sap squeezed from old oil palm trunks felled for replanting
Akihiko Kosugi Ryohei Tanaka Kengo Magara Yoshinori Murata Takamitsu Arai Othman Sulaiman Rokiah Hashim Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid Mohd Khairul Azri Yahya Mohd Nor Mohd Yusof Wan Asma Ibrahim Yutaka Mori 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,110(3):322-325
Old oil palm trunks that had been felled for replanting were found to contain large quantities of high glucose content sap. Notably, the sap in the inner part of the trunk accounted for more than 80% of the whole trunk weight. The glucose concentration of the sap from the inner part was 85.2 g/L and decreased towards the outer part. Other sugars found in relatively low concentrations were sucrose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, oil palm sap was found to be rich in various kinds of amino acids, organic acids, minerals and vitamins. Based on these findings, we fermented the sap to produce ethanol using the sake brewing yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai no.7. Ethanol was produced from the sap without the addition of nutrients, at a comparable rate and yield to the reference fermentation on YPD medium with glucose as a carbon source. Likewise, we produced lactic acid, a promising material for bio-plastics, poly-lactate, from the sap using the homolactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus lactis ATCC19435. We confirmed that sugars contained in the sap were readily converted to lactic acid with almost the same efficiency as the reference fermentation on MSR medium with glucose as a substrate. These results indicate that oil palm trunks felled for replanting are a significant resource for the production of fuel ethanol and lactic acid in palm oil-producing countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. 相似文献
43.
Shafirah Samsuri Ngiam Li Jian Farah Wahida Jusoh Eduard Hernández Yáñez Noor Yahida Yahya 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(3):447-456
The application of solvent-aided crystallization (SAC) is based on the addition of a solvent, here 1-butanol, to crude biodiesel to catalyze the purification process by separating biodiesel from contaminants via crystallization process. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the process parameters of SAC, represented by biodiesel purity. The purified biodiesel was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the composition of the present fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Under the predicted optimum process conditions within the experimental ranges for the highest biodiesel purity, the predicted biodiesel purity was 99.375 %. 相似文献
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Multilayer assembly of ionic starches on old corrugated container recycled cellulosic fibers 下载免费PDF全文
Hamidreza Rudi Yahya Hamzeh Esmaeil Rasooly Garmaroody Seyed Rahman Djafari Petroudy Mousa M Nazhad 《Polymer International》2018,67(1):85-90
In this study, old corrugated container recycled fibers were treated with polyelectrolyte multilayers consisting of biopolymer cationic starch with two degrees of substitution (DS) each in combination with one anionic starch. Pulp zeta potential, paper strength and the thin layer ellipsometry technique were applied to examine the influence of cationic starch DS on the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers. The results indicated a significant interaction between the DS of cationic starch and the number of ionic starch layers formed. When low‐DS cationic starch was used, the pulp zeta potential and the paper strength increased significantly in assembling the first cationic layer. However, in depositing high‐DS cationic starch a greater zeta potential and a stronger influence on the paper strength were observed with a larger number of starch layers. This was confirmed by thin layer ellipsometry when a greater thickness of multilayers was achieved by employing high‐DS cationic starch to form a higher number of layers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Aishah Abdul Jalil Yahya Gambo Maryam Ibrahim Abdulrahman Adam Abdulrasheed Nurul Sahida Hassan Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi Umi Aisah Asli Mimi Haryani Hassim Arshad Ahmad 《国际能源研究杂志》2019,43(9):4201-4216
A fibrous silica zeolite Y (HY@KCC‐1) catalyst with a high surface area of 568 m2/g and unique core‐shell morphology was successfully synthesized via a modified KCC‐1 synthesis method. Characterization of the catalysts was achieved with X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscope (FESEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, and 2,6‐dimethylpyridine adsorbed Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Pt/HY@KCC‐1 has displayed complete n‐dodecane conversion coupled with an incredibly enhanced isomer yield of 72% at 350°C, nearly two‐fold higher than that of unmodified Pt/HY catalyst. Remarkably, Pt/HY@KCC‐1 had an internal effectiveness factor (η) of unity and negligible internal diffusion limitation, thus suggesting its potential application in hydroisomerization of higher hydrocarbons for enhancing fuel properties. 相似文献
48.
Phaphuangwittayakul Aniwat Guo Yi Ying Fangli Dawod Ahmad Yahya Angkurawaranon Salita Angkurawaranon Chaisiri 《Applied Intelligence》2022,52(7):7320-7338
Applied Intelligence - Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) could lead to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), which has now been identified as a major cause of death after trauma if it is not adequately... 相似文献
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Replacing existing software/hardware components with their equivalent cloud services is an important decision faced by IT managers in today's enterprises. A variety of possible migration targets and cloud services with too many configurations and cost models, disparate and changing strategic objectives of the enterprise management that triggers the migration process, and the complex structure of the legacy applications make software migration to the cloud a challenging issue. In contrast to the existing approaches that model the migration process as an optimization problem to find the optimal deployment of software components on cloud services without presenting a practical migration plan, in this paper, a plan-oriented migration approach is proposed by which the enterprise management is able to follow migration steps of a valid plan. All valid plans are modeled using a labeled transition system, and a recommender engine directs the management through the possible migration paths using predefined fitness functions. It was observed that, particularly in dynamic and changing conditions that a flexible migration plan is essential, the proposed plan-oriented method is very much effective in satisfying the enterprise strategic objectives. Evaluations have been performed using two quality indicators: total cost of ownership and scalability index. 相似文献