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991.
Carbon/carbon composites were made through the pyrolysis of stabilized PAN felt and phenolic resin with the addition of 5 or 10 wt % carbon black to the matrix and then heat treatment at 600–2500°C. The effects of adding carbon black to the matrix precursor on the physical properties, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the resultant composites were investigated. Adding carbon black not only reduced the weight loss but also limited the shrinkage of the resultant composites. Adding carbon black also accelerated the formation of carbon basal planes in the matrix. At 2500°C, the crystalline stacking height in the composite with 10 wt % added carbon black was 200% greater than that with no additive. The flexural strength of the composite also increased from 15 to 42 MPa (almost 300%). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 333–337, 2006 相似文献
992.
A novel mechanism to form binary polymer blends is through phase separation by spinodal decomposition in the unstable region of the phase diagram. The present work investigates the effects of thermally‐induced phase separation by spinodal decomposition on the morphology development of liquid crystalline polymer/polycarbonate blends. Moreover, a thermodynamic binary phase diagram is obtained using a twin‐screw extruder at various processing melt temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the miscibility of the blends and the resulting morphology. A thermodynamic binary phase diagram exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature was obtained. The droplet size distribution of the blend was also obtained and discussed in light of the Cahn‐Hilliard theory. 相似文献
993.
Novel diastereomeric acrylic ketal monomers derived from (+)‐camphor and (±)‐camphor were synthesized. To investigate the applications of the camphor derivatives on positive‐tone photoresists, the acrylic ketal monomers were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and n‐butyl methacrylate. The optical activities of the chiral monomers and polymers were all evaluated. After UV irradiation and postexposure baking, the optical activity of the polymers decreased because of the decomposition of the acid‐labile pendant chiral groups. The existence of alicyclic camphyl groups increased the etching resistance of the photoresists. The thermogravimetric properties of the copolymers, the exposure curves, the lithographic evaluation of the positive‐tone photoresists, and the effects of alicyclic groups on the plasma etching resistance of the copolymers were all investigated. A resolution of a line‐and‐space pattern of 0.3 μm was achieved. Acid‐catalyzed dehydration crosslinking was also found in this system. Sufficient UV irradiation and heat treatment could cause the acid‐catalyzed dehydration crosslinking of pendant carboxyl groups and thereby increase the efficiency of the thermal resistance of the polymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2969–2978, 2003 相似文献
994.
本文用无液接电势电池:Na-ISE(或K-ISE)|(NaCl(mA),KCl(mB),H2O|Cl-ISE同时测定了298.15K,溶液离子强度I:0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0和2.5mol/kg时,钠电极与氯电极组成的电池和钾电极与氯电极组成的电池的可逆电势值,根据Nernst方程分别求出NaCl-KCl-H2O体系中,NaCl和KCl的平均活度系数。用Pitzer方程拟合两套实验数据,求出两套基本一致的Pitzer混合参数θNa-K和。将混合参数代回Pitzer方程,分别求出另一组分的平均活度系数,计算值与实验值比较,标准偏差分别为:0.0081(NaCl)和0.0073(KCl)。 相似文献
995.
Ye Wan Wenhui Guo Jin Xiao Dazhou Yan Xiong Zhao Shuhu Guo Jianhua Liu Qifan Zhong Tao Yang Yu Zhao Xin Chang Xin Gao 《中国化学工程学报》1982,28(9):2248-2255
Ultra-high-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) is demanded as an electronic-grade chemical to meet the stringent requirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. The high requirement for ultra-high-purity SiCl4 has created the need for a high-efficient process for reducing energy consumption as well as satisfying product quality. In this paper, a mass of production technology of ultra-high-purity SiCl4 was successfully developed through chlorination reaction in the ultraviolet (UV)-based photo microreactor coupled with the distillation process. The influences of key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, UV wavelength and light intensity on the product quality, especially for hydrogen-containing impurities, were quantified by the infrared transmittance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 2185 cm-1 and 2160 cm-1 indicating that characteristic vibrational modes of Si—H bonds, as well as the operating conditions of distillation were also investigated as key factors for metal impurities removing. The advanced intensification of SiCl4 manufactured by the integration of photo microreactor and distillation achieves the products with superior specifications higher than the standard commercial products. 相似文献
996.
997.
Seung Bum Kil Yannick Augros Yves Leterrier Jan‐Anders E. Mnson Andreas Christel Camille Borer 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2003,43(2):329-343
The rheological properties in solution, in shear and in uniaxial elongation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) reacted together with hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) were investigated. Two different PET grades, of low and high molecular weights, were compounded with sub‐ to over‐stoichiometric concentrations of HBPs of second and fourth pseudo‐generation, and subsequently subjected to a solid‐state polycondensation (SSP). The formation of microgels, which occurs at high HBP concentration, gave rise to a large increase in melt elasticity and a related decrease in melt strength. At low HBP concentrations, the complex viscosity of the unreacted HBP/PET was considerably reduced, thus demonstrating a lubrication effect of the HBP molecules. During SSP, the intrinsic and shear viscosities exhibited a gradual increase, which was similar for both PET and HBP/PET blends, and was correlated to an increase in molecular weight, through linear‐chain extension and branching reactions. The elongational viscosity of the reactive blends was also increased as a function of reaction time, and this increase was much larger in the case of the HBP/PET blends. A 400% increase in melt strength of the PET was obtained by combining SSP and trace amounts of an HBP of second generation, without any decrease in drawability. 相似文献
998.
苊经发烟硝酸硝化,稀硝酸氧化得到6,7-二硝基-1H,3H-萘并[1,8-cd]吡喃-1,3-二酮,它与2,4-二甲基苯胺缩合后用氯化亚锡还原得到6,7-二氨基-2-(2′,4′-二甲基)苯基-1H-苯并[de]异喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮。与6-氨基-2-(2′,4′-二甲基)苯基-1H-苯并[de]异喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮(C.I.溶剂黄44,或C.I.分散黄11)相比,其在DMF中的最大吸收波长红移了17.6nm,最大荧光波长蓝移了42.7nm,荧光量子产率有所增大。 相似文献
999.
Ye Wan Wenhui Guo Jin Xiao Dazhou Yan Xiong Zhao Shuhu Guo Jianhua Liu Qifan Zhong Tao Yang Yu Zhao Xin Chang Xin Gao 《中国化学工程学报》2020,28(9):2248-2255
Ultra-high-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) is demanded as an electronic-grade chemical to meet the stringent requirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. The high requirement for ultra-high-purity SiCl4 has created the need for a high-efficient process for reducing energy consumption as well as satisfying product quality. In this paper, a mass of production technology of ultra-high-purity SiCl4 was successfully developed through chlorination reaction in the ultraviolet (UV)-based photo microreactor coupled with the distillation process. The influences of key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, UV wavelength and light intensity on the product quality, especially for hydrogen-containing impurities, were quantified by the infrared transmittance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 2185 cm−1 and 2160 cm−1 indicating that characteristic vibrational modes of SiH bonds, as well as the operating conditions of distillation were also investigated as key factors for metal impurities removing. The advanced intensification of SiCl4 manufactured by the integration of photo microreactor and distillation achieves the products with superior specifications higher than the standard commercial products. 相似文献
1000.
Methane oxidation in paddy soils was investigated under laboratory conditions. Paddy soils collected before early rice transplanting
could not oxidize atmospheric CH4 but could oxidize CH4 when the concentration exceeded 10 μl l-1. Initial CH4 oxidation rate increased with the increase of initial CH4 concentration. Soil with the maximum potential to produce CH4, also had the maximum CH4 oxidation activity and the maximum emission flux from paddy soil. High CH4 concentration stimulated the oxidation of CH4. After 10 days' incubation under atmosphere containing 1000 μl-1 or 104 μl l-1 CH4, the soil which could not oxidize atmospheric CH4 was able to oxidize it.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献