A mechanistic analysis of the correlation between overall strength and indentation hardness in discontinuously reinforced aluminum

It is well established that the indentation hardness of metallic alloys shows a reasonable correlation with their yield strength or ultimate strength. Experiments illustrate that such a unique correlation is nonexistent for discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites, even when the indentation size is much greater than the reinforcement size. For aluminum alloys reinforced with silicon carbide particles, the same composite yield strength and tensile strength with different reinforcement fractions do not lead to similar hardness, or vice versa. Finite element analyses are carried out to rationalize the experimental findings. The modeling utilizes a two-dimensional plane-strain formulation. Discrete particles are included in the material model, and the overall stress-strain response and the indentation response are numerically simulated. The results confirm the lack of unique correspondence between the composite hardness and strength. The alteration of local heterogeneity in the composite is found to affect the indentation response. Effects of the geometrical arrangement of particles and thermal residual stresses on the indentation response are also investigated numerically.     

Design of photonic crystal fibers for dispersion-related applications

A general procedure for design of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with desirable dispersion properties is presented. The design model is based on the combination of a rigorous vector mode solver and a scaling transformation for the dispersion properties of the PCFs. In comparison with the conventional design method, the new design procedure is more efficient and can be readily automated for the purpose of design optimization. Several applications of the design procedure, e.g., the design optimization for dispersion shifted fibers, dispersion flattened fibers, and dispersion compensation fibers, are demonstrated and discussed.     

自振空化射流提高钻井速度的实验研究

空化射流用于提高钻井速度的可行性研究结果表明，在钻进作业中，利用空泡破裂产生强大破坏作用来提高钻探的效率，其效果显著，可行性高。室内实验表明，自振空化射流在比普通喷嘴射流更深的井底或更高的围压条件下，有更大的起始空化数和更强的空化能力。自振空化喷嘴起始空化数大都在1.0以上，最高达到1.67，而锥形喷嘴最高仅为0.43，围压下其冲蚀效率是锥形喷嘴的1~2倍。现场试验同样证实设计的自振空化射流喷嘴在保护钻头、减少钻头磨损及增加进尺、提高机械钻速方面有显著作用。     

浅析包装中色彩运用的文化原则

从某种程度上讲,包装是对产品的一种定位和阐释。心理学有关研究表明,人的视觉器官,在观察物体时,最初的20秒内色彩感觉占80%,而形体感觉占20%:两分钟后色彩占60%,形体占40%;5分钟后各占一半,并且这种状态将继续保持。可见,包装给人的印象多么迅速、深刻、持久。国外学者曾有过一项研究,发现由广告媒体招徕的顾客中,有33%的人在销售现场会选择包装吸引人的品牌,包装重要性不言而喻。可以说,包装的素材、形式和色彩等因素综合在一起,将产品引伸至一个深层的文化氛围。     

Closed-loop optimal control-enabled piezoelectric microforce sensors

This paper presents a closed-loop optimally controlled force-sensing technology with applications in both micromanipulation and microassembly. The microforce-sensing technology in this paper is based on a cantilevered composite beam structure with embedded piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) actuating and sensing layers. In this type of sensor, the application of an external load causes deformation within the PVDF sensing layer. This generates a signal that is fed through a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal servoed controller to the PVDF actuating layer. This in turn generates a balancing force to counteract the externally applied load. As a result, a closed feedback loop is formed, which causes the tip of this highly sensitive sensor to remain in its equilibrium position, even in the presence of dynamically applied external loads. The sensor's stiffness is virtually improved as a result of the equilibrium position whenever the control loop is active, thereby enabling accurate motion control of the sensor tip for fine micromanipulation and microassembly. Furthermore, the applied force can be determined in real time through measurement of the balance force.     

立方相GaN的持续光电导

研究了金属有机物化学气相外延 (MOVPE)方法生长的非故意掺杂的立方相 Ga N的持续光电导效应 .在六方相 Ga N中普遍认为持续光电导效应与黄光发射有关 ,而实验则显示在立方 Ga N中 ,持续光电导效应与其中的六方相 Ga N夹杂有关系 ,而与黄光发射没有关系 .文中提出 ,立方相 Ga N与其中的六方相 Ga N夹杂之间的势垒引起的空间载流子分离是导致持续光电导现象的物理原因 .通过建立势垒限制复合模型 ,解释了立方相 Ga N的持续光电导现象的物理过程 ,并对光电导衰减过程的动力学作了分析 .对实验数据拟合的结果证明以上的模型和推导是与实验相符的 .     

PBA/PMMA核壳结构乳胶粒子粒径分析

采用种子乳液聚合制备出了PBA/PMMA核壳结构乳胶粒子，研究并分析了MMA在3种不同投料方式（间歇法、半间歇法和平衡溶胀法）下粒子粒径变化情况。实验发现第二单体采用间歇法投料可获得较理想的核壳结构乳胶粒。     

多层频率选择表面的分析

本文利用矩量法和广义散射矩阵理论分析了多层频率选择表面的散射特性。通过引入广义波导概念,可以统一分析单元形状为任意的多层频率选择表面。作为示例,计算了几种不同结构频率选择表面的散射特性,结果与文献中给出的数据相符。     

IEEE 802.11 roaming and authentication in wireless LAN/cellular mobile networks

A wireless LAN service integration architecture based on current wireless LAN hot spots is proposed so that migration to a new service becomes easier and cost effective. The proposed architecture offers wireless LAN seamless roaming in wireless LAN/cellular mobile networks. In addition, a link-layer-assisted mobile IP handoff mechanism is introduced to improve the network/domain switching quality in terms of handoff delay and packet loss. An application layer end-to-end authentication and key negotiation scheme is proposed to overcome the open-air connection problem existing in wireless LAN deployment. The scheme provides a general solution for Internet applications running on a mobile station under various authentication scenarios and keeps the communications private to other wireless LAN users and foreign network. A functional demonstration of the scheme is given. The research results can contribute to rapid deployment of wireless LANs.