Leveraging Bioinspired Structural Constraints for Tunable and Programmable Snapping Dynamics in High-Speed Soft Actuators

Creating high-speed soft actuators will have broad engineering and technological applications. Snapping provides a power-amplified mechanism to achieve rapid movements in soft actuators that typically show slow movements. However, precise control of snapping dynamics (e.g., speed and direction of launching or jumping) remains a daunting challenge. Here, a bioinspired design principle is presented that harnesses a reconfigurable constraint structure integrated into a photoactive liquid crystal elastomer actuator to enable tunable and programmable control over its snapping dynamics. By reconfiguring constrained fin-array-shaped structure, the snapping dynamics of the structured actuator, such as launching or jumping angle and height, motion speed, and release force can be on-demand tuned, thus enabling controllable catapult motion and programmable jumping. Moreover, the structured actuators exhibit a unique combination of ultrafast moving speed (up to 2.5 m s⁻¹ in launching and 0.22 m s⁻¹ in jumping), powerful ejection (long ejection distance of ≈20 cm, 35 mg ball), and high jumping height (≈8 cm, 40 times body lengths), which few other soft actuators can achieve. This study provides a new universal design paradigm for realizing controllable rapid movements and high-power motions in soft matter, which are useful for building high-performance soft robotics and actuation devices.     

回路压降冲激法的研究

常见的电路分析方法有很多,如叠加定理、戴维南定理和回路电流分析法等。为简化电路分析的复杂程度和减少求解电路方程的运算量,在回路电流法和线性叠加定理的基础上,提出一种简便的电路分析方法——回路压降冲激法。在分析线性网络的电路中,通过实验对比分析得出该电路分析方法可以简化分析过程,并且运算量明显减少。     

Effects of Ge<Superscript>4+</Superscript> acceptor dopant on sintering and electrical properties of (K<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Na<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>)NbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> lead-free piezoceramics

Lead-free (K_0.5Na_0.5)(Nb_1-xGe _x )O₃ (KNN-xGe, where x = 0-0.01) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic processing. The effects of Ge⁴⁺ cation doping on the phase compositions, microstructure and electrical properties of KNN ceramics were studied. SEM images show that Ge⁴⁺ cation doping improved the sintering and promoted the grain growth of the KNN ceramics. Dielectric and ferroelectric measurements proved that Ge⁴⁺ cations substituted Nb⁵⁺ ions as acceptors, and the Curie temperature (T_C) shows an almost linear decrease with increasing the Ge⁴⁺ content. Combining this result with microstructure observations and electrical measurements, it is concluded that the optimal sintering temperature for KNN-xGe ceramics was 1020°C. Ge⁴⁺ doping less than 0.4 mol.%can improve the compositional homogeneity and piezoelectric properties of KNN ceramics. The KNN-xGe ceramics with x = 0.2% exhibited the best piezoelectric properties: piezoelectric constant d₃₃ = 120 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient k_p = 34.7%, mechanical quality factor Q_m = 130, and tanδ = 3.6%.     

Construction of point-line-plane (0-1-2 dimensional) Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/graphene hybrids as the anodes with excellent lithium storage capability

The assembly of hybrid nanomaterials has opened up a new direction for the construction of high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, we present a straightforward, eco-friendly, one-step hydrothermal protocol for the synthesis of a new type of Fe₂O₃-SnO₂/graphene hybrid, in which zero-dimensional (0D) SnO₂ nanoparticles with an average diameter of 8 nm and one-dimensional (1D) Fe₂O₃ nanorods with a length of ~150 nm are homogeneously attached onto two-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide nanosheets, generating a unique point-line-plane (0D-1D-2D) architecture. The achieved Fe₂O₃-SnO₂/graphene exhibits a well-defined morphology, a uniform size, and good monodispersity. As anode materials for LIBs, the hybrids exhibit a remarkable reversible capacity of 1,530 mA·g^?1 at a current density of 100 mA·g^?1 after 200 cycles, as well as a high rate capability of 615 mAh·g^?1 at 2,000 mA·g^?1. Detailed characterizations reveal that the superior lithium-storage capacity and good cycle stability of the hybrids arise from their peculiar hybrid nanostructure and conductive graphene matrix, as well as the synergistic interaction among the components.

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噻二唑型缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的研究

利用电化学测试和表面分析技术,研究了2,5-二巯基-1,3,4噻二唑(DMTD)在硫-乙醇溶液中对金属银、铜的缓蚀性能,结合量子化学计算和分子动力学模拟对DMTD在金属表面的吸附行为和缓蚀作用机理进行了分析讨论。结果表明,DMTD在50mg/L的硫-乙醇溶液中,对金属银、铜均起到较好的缓蚀作用。极化曲线结果表明,当缓蚀剂DMTD浓度达到50mg/L时,缓蚀效率可以达到92.3%。表面分析技术表明,缓蚀剂的加入在金属表面形成吸附膜,明显抑制了腐蚀速率。量化计算和分子动力学模拟得到了缓蚀剂分子的活性位点和缓蚀剂在金属表面的吸附形态。     

道路常用温拌改性剂现状与路用性能评价

针对工程使用温拌剂时缺乏明确的参考依据,系统调查了国内外温拌剂应用状况,确定温拌改性技术主要分类以及目前常用温拌剂种类,全面评价了Sasobit、Aspha-min、Evotherm与EC120等4种常用温拌剂对沥青混合料高温性能、低温性能以及水稳定性等路用性能的影响。结果表明:几种温拌剂的降温效果均可达到30℃,Sasobit和EC120温拌剂对沥青混合料高温稳定性均有不同幅度提高,最大提高幅度在30%以上,4种温拌剂对沥青混合料低温性能略有影响,对水稳定性的影响均不大。     

浇注式沥青混凝土现状与发展

为进一步确定浇注式沥青混凝土科学合理的性能评价指标及要求,全面梳理了国内外浇注式沥青混凝土相关规范,对比评价了不同规范中的技术指标要求及级配范围,系统地调查了大量实体工程及研究动态,厘定了浇注式沥青混凝土钢桥面铺装结构层组合、原材料类型和技术指标要求及级配类型,为浇注式沥青混凝土规范完善与质量控制奠定了基础。结果表明:推荐钢桥面铺装结构层组合为30~35mm GA-10+35~40mm SMA-10,GA基础沥青为SBS改性沥青+TLA(15%~30%),采用2%降粘剂;推荐性能评价指标要求范围为油石比7.9%~8.5%、流动度10~17s、贯入度1.4~2.5mm、贯入度增量不超过0.25mm、弯拉应变不小于7 000με、动稳定度不小于1 000次/mm(参考指标);疲劳性能试验以控制应变模式进行,结果以实测为准。     

AuPt合金的两种典型生长机理研究

分别采用晶种生长法和快速共还原法制备得到了AuPt合金。采用晶种生长法制备AuPt合金时,Au晶种的尺寸对Au-Pt双金属结构的形成有关键性影响,当用小尺寸的Au纳米颗粒(3nm)作为晶种时才会形成AuPt合金结构,当Au晶种尺寸较小时,由于颗粒内纳米尺度的原子快速扩散导致合金结构的形成。高温下油胺对Au和Pt前体的快速共还原会使Au和Pt在极短的时间内同时得到还原,避免了两相的分离,得到了AuPt合金结构。