基于二维单点频柱面成像算法的相位失配问题研究

二维单频柱面成像系统由于受聚焦深度的影响,无法对体目标所有散射点进行准确相位补偿。为了解决有限聚焦深度的问题,提出一种基于图像融合的聚焦增强算法。利用不同补偿柱面的成像结果进行融合处理,最终获得聚焦图像。通过与原始图像比较,结果表明,所提出的方案有效解决了聚焦深度有限造成散射点补偿相位失配而引起的失焦问题。     

生物酶法合成氰氟草酯过程监测的RP-HPLC分析方法的研究

为实时监控化学-酶法制备氰氟草酯反应过程,建立了一种该体系中氰氟草酯的RP-HPLC的检测方法。采用SymmetryC18柱（5μm,4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm）,以V（甲醇）∶V（水）=80∶20为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为282 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。氰氟草酯在5.0~1000.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数达到0.9999,检出限为1.0 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.58%（n=5）,加标回收率在92.3%~101.5%之间。     

新型有机蒙脱土的制备及其在聚丙烯改性中的应用

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB） 、环氧树脂（EP）、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、十八胺(ODA)对钠基蒙脱土(MMT)进行干法插层改性, 分别制备了CMMT、EMMT、IMMT和OMMT等新型有机蒙脱土,并对聚丙烯(PP)进行熔融改性制得PP/OMMT纳米复合材料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪 、透射电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪等分析手段对新型有机蒙脱土及纳米复合材料的结构形态及性能进行了研究。结果表明,OMMT层间距由蒙脱土的1.5626 nm扩大到4.2828 nm, OMMT片层均匀分散在PP基体中;当OMMT含量为5 %（质量分数,下同）时,纳米复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及冲击强度分别比纯PP提高了25.9 %、17.1 %和127.1 %;同时,加入OMMT后,PP的结晶度先升高后降低。     

炭黑与丁腈橡胶界面作用的研究

采用傅里叶转换红外光谱仪研究炭黑与丁腈橡胶(NBR)的界面作用。结果表明:与未添加填料的NBR混炼胶相比,炭黑/NBR混炼胶的C■N伸缩振动峰、反式1,4-丁二烯基团C—H键的弯曲振动峰和亚甲基C—H键的弯曲振动峰均发生红移,而二氧化钛/NBR混炼胶的上述振动峰无变化;炭黑品种对炭黑/NBR混炼胶各基团的红外特征峰影响不大。小分子模拟试验表明炭黑表面的羧基、羧酸基团及炭黑的大苯环体系对其与NBR的相互作用贡献较大;氨解试验表明炭黑与—CH—CH—和—CH2的作用不同于与—C■N的氢键作用。     

溶液温度对铝合金化学镀Ni-W-P三元合金的影响

在化学镀中镀液的温度不仅影响施镀过程的沉积速度,而且还将直接影响镀层成分及镀层性能。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电（SEM）等测试手段着重研究了溶液温度对化学镀Ni—W—P镀层微观组织、相组成、镀速及硬度的影响。结果表明：温度为85℃时,镀层已完全覆盖基体,表面由胞状颗粒组成,大小比较均匀,颗粒直径平均为7μm左右,无明显的缺陷,W的含量高达9．60g,镀态下的硬度高达HV610左右,镀速为11μm／h。     

大坝安全监控知识库系统研究

探讨了大坝安全监控知识库系统的设计、知识表示方法的研究、知识获取模型的建立、知识推理的实现以及应用关系数据库技术实现对大坝安全监控知识的管理等问题。     

Elastic,mechanical, electronic,and defective properties of Zr–Al–C nanolaminates from first principles

By means of first principles calculations, Zr–Al–C nanolaminates have been studied in the aspects of chemical bonding, elastic properties, mechanical properties, electronic structures, and vacancy stabilities. Although the investigated Zr–Al–C nanolaminates show crystallographic similarities, their predicated properties are very different. For (ZrC)_nAl₃C₂ (n = 2, 3, 4), the Zr–C bond adjacent to the Al–C slab with the C atom intercalated in the Zr layers is the strongest, but the one with the C atom intercalated between the Zr layer and Al layer is the weakest. In contrast, the situation for (ZrC)_nAl₄C₃ (n = 2, 3) is just the opposite. For Zr–Al–C nanolaminates, the calculated bulk, shear and Young's modulus increase in the sequence of Zr₂AlC < Zr₃AlC₂ < Zr₂Al₄C₅ < Zr₃Al₄C₆ < Zr₂Al₃C₄ < Zr₃Al₃C₅ < Zr₄Al₃C₆. The (ZrC)_nAl₃C₂ (n = 2, 3, 4) series exhibit the most outstanding elastic properties. In the presence of the external pressure, the bulk and shear moduli exhibit a linear response to the pressure, except for Zr₂AlC and Zr₃AlC₂, both of which belong to the so‐called MAX phases. The two materials also exhibit very distinct properties in the strain‐stress relationship, electronic structures and vacancy stabilities. As the intercalated Al layers increase, the formation energy of V_Zr and V_Al increases, while the formation energy of V_C decreases.     

Effects of monomer structure on the morphology of polymer network and the electro‐optical property of reverse‐mode polymer‐stabilized cholesteric texture

The morphologies of the polymer networks in the polymer network/LC composite of reverse‐mode polymer‐stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) films was observed. The polymer network/LC composite was prepared from photopolymerization of the acrylate monomers, which had rod‐like rigid cores in monomer/LC mixture. The effects of the structure of the acrylate monomers on the morphology of polymer network were studied. The acrylate monomer without flexible pacers between the acrylate functional groups and the rigid core formed rice‐grain‐like polymer network with poor orientation. The acrylate monomer with flexible pacers formed fiber‐like polymer network with better orientation. Meanwhile, the effects of morphology of polymer network on the electro‐optical property of reverse‐mode PSCT films were also investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

氯氰菊酯含氰废水处理工艺试验

采用活性炭吸附-酸化法回收处理氯氰菊酯含氰废水,研究结果表明,以0.1%活性炭进行预处理后,盐酸调节p H值为2~3,鼓泡吹氰,30%氢氧化钠吸收,氰化物去除率可达99.9%,降低了生态破坏。     

低质量流速下超临界CO2在管内冷却换热特性

开展了低质量流速下超临界CO₂在水平直管内冷却过程的换热特性的实验研究。实验压力为p=7.5~9.0 MPa,质量流速为G=79.6~358.1 kg·m^-2·s^-1,流体温度为25.0~50.0℃。分析了质量流速、压力、流体温度对换热的影响,并引入Richardson数阐述浮升力对超临界CO₂在水平直管内冷却换热影响。实验结果表明: 传热系数随着质量流速的增加而增大。传热系数峰值点随压力的升高向高温区偏移。当质量流速较小时,传热系数峰值点出现在准临界温度之前,且浮升力作用加大,流体处于混合对流状态。将传热系数的实验值和已有的换热关联式计算值作对比后发现在低质量流速下误差较大,拟合了低质量流速工况的超临界CO₂在水平直管内冷却换热的关联式,94%的实验值和拟合关联式误差在±20%范围内。