Effect of particle size on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of hydroxyethyl diphosphate modified aluminum hydroxide intrinsic polyethylene terephthalate

Organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant was obtained by modifying aluminum hydroxide with different particle size with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The structure of the organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, while ¹H-NMR spectroscopy only characterizes specific samples. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion of UL-94 and cone calorimeter. The results show that the modified 10 μm aluminum hydroxide has a better effect than the 25 μm aluminum hydroxide and 100 nm aluminum hydroxide. Compared with pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the LOI value of the best sample is increased by 24.4%, and UL-94 V reaches V-0 level. Heat release rate, total heat release rate, and carbon monoxide production rate decreased by 45.8%, 33.2%, and 41.5%, respectively, compared to pure PET. The results showed that the aluminum hydroxide with a particle size of 10 μm exhibited the best flame retardant effect, which could be attributed to the decomposition of organic phosphoric acid and the dehydration of aluminum hydroxide, yielding a higher amount of residual carbon.     

旋转扫描结构光的三维检测系统及其标定

针对传统平移扫描检测系统的缺陷,提出了一种基于旋转扫描线结构光的三维检测与重构系统及对应的系统参数标定方法,建立了点云数据获取模型。被测物体通过旋转实现与线结构光间的相对运动,得到被测物体的外表面二维图像。系统标定获得图像坐标与世界坐标间的转换关系,得到被测物体的三维坐标信息及数字模型。由实验可知,相机的标定精度为0.2 mm,原理样机进行物体测量的精度为0.1 mm。实验证明该系统检测精度高,具有可行性。     

模具型腔的精密加工

通过分析仿形和NC切削加工的特点，提出了构建一种系统，将两有机地结合起来，以适应模具的精密加工。接着对模具型腔表面研磨及抛光的方法进行分析比较，提出将各种方法加以组合的思路来提高加工效率。     

动态控制的低应力无变形焊接新技术

在成功地研究并开发了薄壁构件低应力无变形焊接新技术的基础上，把靠预置温度场静态控制焊接应力与变形的方法发展到动态控制法。这一新构思所形成的动态控制焊接应力与变形的新技术的原理在于：不再依赖预置温度场，而是直接利用电弧在薄壁构件上所形成的焊接温度，建立一个特殊构造的热潭跟随电弧，板成“热源－热潭“多源系统，在熔池后的高温焊缝区产生强烈的局部急冷拉伸作用，控制和补偿焊接时产生的压缩塑性变形，达到薄壁构     

镍铁型焊条焊接高强球铁接头云纹实验解析研究

镍铁型铸铁焊条已经相当广泛地用来焊接QT60—2球墨铸铁。然而,研究工作表明,这些焊接接头的强度较低。本文首次利用密栅云纹法研究了单向拉伸焊接接头的受力状况,获得了接头区域的全场位移、应变和应力分布。从焊接接头应变和应力分布的不均匀性,分析了裂纹产生及扩展的原因,用扫描电子显微镜观察了断口形貌,发现有大量的球状物分布在断口上,这可能是导致焊接接头低应力破断的原因。这一次现有助于改进镍铁型铸铁焊条的性能,提高接头的强度。     

Lode应力参数与应力参量之间的内在联系及屈服准则的推广

从塑性力学应力Ｌｏｄｅ参数着手，深入研究了应力Ｌｏｄｅ参数与各应力参量之间的内在联系，并对塑性理论中屈服准则进行了合理推广。对塑性理论及其应用具有重要意义。     

Effect of rhenium addition on isothermal oxidation behavior of single-crystal Ni-based superalloy

The isothermal oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy, which we designate as DD32, containing 4 wt.% rhenium and another alloy (DD32M) without rhenium were investigated at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C. Oxidized alloys were characterized by SEM, EDX, EPMA and XRD. The two alloys revealed similar oxidation rates at 900 °C, while the DD32 alloy showed a slightly higher mass gain than that of the DD32M alloy during 1000 and 1100 °C exposure. Surface and cross-sectional examination indicated that DD32 alloy showed nonuniform oxidation between dendritic and interdendritic areas at all temperatures. Similar different oxidation behavior between dendritic and interdendritic regions was also observed in the DD32M alloy at 900 °C. However, DD32M showed relatively uniform oxidation at 1000 and 1100 °C exposure. Therefore, Re addition clearly induced the nonuniform oxidation of the alloy.     

AZ61镁合金连续流变成形过程的组织演化行为

采用自行设计的连续流变挤压成形设备成功制备出声10mm的AZ61镁合金线材。合金从辊靴型腔人口到出口的过程中，受到轧辊的剪切作用，枝晶臂不断受到剪切破碎，合金从浇注口到挤压区，逐渐由发达的枝晶状组织演化为细小的破碎晶、等轴晶和球形晶。在挤压成形时，中心部位固相变形小，边部大，在圆弧流动区产生了优良的超细晶组织。在合理的技术条件下，制备的AZ61合金线材断面组织优良，呈现两相塑性流动的特征。     

Effects of distance between arc and heat sink on stress and distortion in DC-LSND welding technology

The characteristics of temperatures, stresses and strains fields have been studied numerically for a titanium alloy sheet welded with an improved gas tungsten arc welding method, in which a trailing spot heat sink is introduced to control the welding stress and distortion. The impinging jet model is employed to describe the internee heat transfer between the cooling media and the top suufuce of the workpiece. The influcnee of the distance between arc and heat sink is investigated. Results show that there is an ideal range of distance. Using the ideal distance, a low stress and no distortion welding structure can be derived.     

EFFECT OF SILICON ON THE TRANSITION OF BRITTLENESS IN A NICKEL BASE WROUGHT SUPERALLOY

Ni-15Cr-6W-3Mo-2Al-2Ti变形高温合金的室温抗张强度、塑性和冲击性能,随着合金中Si含量的变化呈现马鞍型的变化,即在0.4—0.6％Si范围内出现一个低塑性、低拉伸强度和低冲击韧性区。造成这种现象的本质原因是由于Si含量变化改变了晶界碳化物沉淀析出顺序、析出类型、析出量和析出形态。该合金晶界碳化物析出可分为四个阶段:第一阶段,<0.1％Si时,只有单一的M_(23)C_6析出;第二阶段,>0.1％Si以后,除M_(23)C_6外,M_6C开始析出,一直到0.4％Si时增加2缓慢;第三阶段,0.4—0.6％Si时,M_6C大量析出逐渐取代M_(23)C_6;第四阶段,>0.6％Si以后,M_6C量占绝对优势,但增加幅度比第三阶段小得多。从晶界形态来看,第一、二、四阶段皆属不连续的链状形式,只有第三阶段晶界呈现连续膜状。因此,造成性能下降的原因不是因为析出M_6C,而是它的形态,当它以颗粒状分布在晶界上时是一个很好的强化相。第三阶段的不正常析出是性能下降的本质因素。本研究结果打破了只要镍基合金中MO+1/2>W>6％(重量百分比)就形成M_6C的经验判据,“Si”才是该合金碳化物沉淀析出过程的控制因素。本文还对比了冶炼工艺差别对碳化物析出过程的影响。