Extension of the applicable range of the implicit curve-fitting method for refrigerant thermodynamic properties to critical pressure

The method of implicit curve-fitting and explicit-calculation has been used for fast and stable calculations of thermodynamic properties of subcritical refrigerants. In order to extend that method to the critical pressure, a method of sectional implicit curve-fitting and explicit-calculation for refrigerant thermodynamic properties is introduced in this paper. The whole data range is divided into several subsections. The requirements on the continuity of thermodynamic properties and the first order derivative of thermodynamic properties in the intersection points of subsections are indicated, and the methods to meet the requirements are presented. Quadric equations are constructed instead of curve-fitting when no data can be given. With the source data obtained from REFPROP 7.1, explicit fast calculation formulae for thermodynamic properties of R410A, covering the saturated temperature of 213.15–344.51 K and superheat of 0–65 K, are given as an example. The calculation speeds of the formulae of R410A are more than 7000 times faster than those of REFPROP 7.1 while the total mean relative deviation of the fast calculation formulae from REFPROP 7.1 is only 0.04%.     

鞍钢铜冷却壁高炉操作炉型管理模型开发与应用

对鞍钢铜冷却壁高炉操作管理模型的建立方法进行了阐述,并对在2号高炉上的实践进行了总结.根据经验知识和实验室热态模拟实验结果,利用传热模型反推计算,建立铜冷却壁高炉操作炉型管理模型,可对铜冷却壁热面渣皮厚度进行实时计算,实现操作炉型管理.鞍钢2号高炉应用结果表明,铜冷却壁操作管理模型可对渣皮脱落部位、炉腰和炉身下部铜冷却壁热面温度和渣皮厚度变化趋势进行判断,提示操作人员及时采取措施,控制渣皮厚度适宜并保持稳定,减少铜冷却壁区域热损失,并保证高炉操作炉型合理.     

循环经济兴三胶行业的发展

我们三胶行业属于资源综合利用行业,用牲骨通过一系列加工制得明胶、骨胶、磷酸氢钙、骨粉、骨油等产品。但在生产过程中耗用大量的水、盐酸、石灰等,也产生了大量的废水,且较难治理。在全社会日益重视环境质量的情况下,我们行业的企业应下力气按照“循环经济”的发展模式,努力     

基于正态云模型的宝日希勒煤矿生态安全等级研究

针对当前矿区生态安全评价结果及等级划分的模糊性与随机性问题,以宝日希勒大型露天矿区为例(以下简称为宝矿),探究基于PSR模型、熵权和正态云模型的矿区生态安全综合评价体系.结果表明:宝矿生态安全综合隶属度为0.9947,属于敏感级,且有向危险级恶化趋势,安全形势比较严峻;其中压力层和状态层处于敏感级状态,最大隶属度分别为...     

面粉增白剂的作用

详细阐述了过氧化苯甲酰在面粉中的主要作用,在面粉中添加面粉增白剂可加快面粉的后熟、改善面粉色泽、抑制面粉的霉变以及提高小麦的出粉率.     

红外隐身材料的性能特征述评

简述了红外隐身材料的工作原理 ,分析了不同类型红外隐身材料的性能特征 ,并综述了国内外红外隐身材料的研究现状     

基于中间件规范的容侵应用服务器研究与实现

针对现有的容忍入侵应用系统的构建需要针对不同的业务类型进行不同的个性化设计和开发以及系统或部件的可重用性较差的问题,在研究基于规范的容忍入侵中间件方法的基础上,提出了一种基于拦截器的容侵中间件模型,从逻辑上将系统分为容忍入侵服务提供者和容忍入侵服务管理者,可在满足既有规范情况下实现用户应用的业务逻辑与容忍入侵特性所依赖的非功能性服务的分离。对涉及的容忍入侵框架、容忍入侵策略组件、安全群组通信管理器、安全群组通信系统等进行了详细设计,在一个开源的J2EE应用服务器JBoss中实现了对容忍入侵功能的支持,可利用Java类加载机制完成容忍入侵服务的动态加载。     

基于蚁群优化的WSN负载均衡数据汇集算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)数据汇集应用中负载分配不均衡,使得网络节点出现早死,网络寿命缩短的问题,提出了一种基于蚁群优化(ACO)的负载均衡的数据汇集(Load-balancing data gathering based on ACO,L-ACO)算法。根据不同的任务,L-ACO算法将蚂蚁分为三类:前向探索蚂蚁(FD-ANT)、前向运输蚂蚁(Fr-ANT)和后向蚂蚁(B-ANT)。此算法定义蚂蚁的转移概率与路径信息素成反比,并采用父节点负载作为启发因子,使得蚂蚁趋向于走负载低的路径。通过前向蚂蚁与后向蚂蚁的分工合作,使得各条路径上的负载逐渐趋于均衡,从而延长网络寿命。仿真实验表明L-ACO算法可行。     

Continuously Tunable Wettability by Using Surface Patterned Shape Memory Polymers with Giant Deformability

Designing smart surfaces with tunable wettability has drawn much attention in recent years for academic research and practical applications. Most of the previous methods to achieve such surfaces demand some particular materials that inherently have special features or complicated structures which are usually not easy to obtain. A novel strategy to achieve such smart surfaces is proposed by using the surface patterned shape memory polymers of chemically crosslinked polycyclooctene which shows a giant deformability of up to ≈730% strain. The smart surfaces possess the ability to continuously tune the wettability by controlling the recovery temperature and/or time. Coating the modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto such surfaces renders the surface superhydrophobicity and expands the tunable range of contact angles (CAs). Theoretical calculations of the CAs at different strains via modified Cassie model well explain the tunable wettability behaviors of such smart surfaces.     

O2气流量对MOCVD法生长ZnO薄膜性质的影响

采用低压MOCVD方法,在(0001)Al2O3衬底上沉积了ZnO薄膜.研究了Ⅵ族源O2气流量的变化对薄膜结构、表面形貌及光致发光特性的影响.增加O2气流量,ZnO薄膜结晶质量有所降低,半高宽从0.20°展宽至0.30°,由单一c轴取向变成无取向薄膜.同时,生成的柱状晶粒平均尺寸减少,晶粒更加均匀,均方根粗糙度减小.PL谱分析表明随O2气流量加大,带边峰明显增强,深能级峰明显减弱,ZnO薄膜光学质量提高.这些事实说明在本实验条件下,采用低压MOCVD方法生长的ZnO薄膜在光致发光特性主要依赖于Zn、O组份配比,而不是薄膜的微观结构质量.