基于Jmatpro和Deform的钛合金试件热处理模拟

利用Jmatpro和Deform软件对“A”型TC4钛合金试件的固溶时效处理过程(900℃×1 h, WQ+540℃×4 h, AC)进行数值模拟。结果表明,“A”型试件在900℃固溶冷却时顶端和两脚处冷速高于10℃/s,产生约为48%的马氏体,540℃时效处理后的组织中不存在细针状α′马氏体,由初生等轴α相和弥散分布的析出相(时效α相、时效β相)组成;试件在固溶冷却后的最大等效应力为65.6 MPa,而时效冷却后的最大等效应力降至35.3 MPa;在固溶时效处理过程中,“A”型试件顶端螺栓孔处的温度梯度和应力最大,变形量呈迅速增大-稳定-迅速减小-增大-稳定-逐渐减小的趋势,在固溶时效处理后的畸变量为0.77 mm。     

增材制造钛合金凝固晶粒调控研究进展

钛合金由于比强度高、耐腐蚀好、高温性能好等优异的性能而广泛应用于航空航天、船舶、核电等领域。增材制造技术为大型整体关键钛合金构件的短周期、低成本制造提供了变革性途径,但增材制造产生的粗大柱状晶组织导致了构件的各向异性,限制了合金性能的充分发挥。进行晶粒调控以消除各向异性、提高力学性能成为近些年的研究热点。本文简述了增材制造钛合金构件典型晶粒形貌及形成机制,阐述了国内外在增材制造钛合金晶粒调控方面的研究进展,包括工艺参数优化、微合金化改性与新合金成分设计、外加能量场、后续热处理、新型增材制造工艺和多种方法复合等,总结了各类方法的调控机理和调控效果,对增材制造钛合金凝固晶粒调控的未来发展提出了思考与展望。     

Preparation and ionic conductive properties of all‐solid polymer electrolytes based on multiarm star block polymers

A series of star block polymers with a hyperbranched core and 26 arms are successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene (St), and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate from a hyperbranched polystyrene (HBPS) multifunctional initiator. All‐solid polymer electrolytes composed of these multiarm star polymers and lithium salts are prepared. The influences of polyoxyethylene (PEO) side‐chain length, PEO content, lithium salt concentration and type, and the structure of polymer on ionic conductivity are systematically investigated. The resulting polymer electrolyte with the longest PEO side chains exhibits the best ionic conductive properties. The maximum conductivity is 0.8 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 at 25°C with EO/Li = 30. All the prepared multiarm star block polymers possess good thermal stability. The mechanical property is greatly improved owing to the existence of polystyrene blocks in the multiarm star polymer molecules, and flexible films can be obtained by solution‐casting technique. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

往复旋转管式陶瓷膜超滤脱脂奶水溶液的研究

往复旋转管式陶瓷膜过滤系统通过膜组件往复旋转在膜表面反复产生高剪切率,达到减缓膜污染的效果。在相同操作条件下,与单向旋转过滤和死端过滤相比较,往复旋转过滤具有更好的减缓膜污染的作用。本实验利用往复旋转膜过滤装置超滤脱脂奶水溶液,考察了各种参数对该膜系统过滤特性的影响。实验结果表明,料液浓度增大,膜通量减小;过高的操作压差将会抑制膜通量增加;旋转速度增大,膜表面剪切强化作用增强,膜通量相应增大;膜稳态通量随往复旋转周期增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当料液速度达到膜组件转速时,瞬时反方向旋转膜组件,膜表面产生最大的剪切率,膜稳态通量也达到最大值。能耗分析表明,往复旋转过滤较单向旋转过滤单位通量能耗低。     

Molecular and thermodynamic basis for EGCG‐Keratin interaction‐part I: Molecular dynamics simulations

Nonspecific binding of small molecules to proteins influences transdermal permeation and intestinal absorption, yet understanding of the molecular and thermodynamic basis is still limited. In this study, we report all‐atom, fully solvated molecular dynamics simulations of the thermodynamic characteristics of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) binding keratin. Experimental validation is reported in Part II. Herein, 18 µs of simulation sampling was calculated. We show that the binding process is a combination of hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding and aromatic interaction. The umbrella sampling technique was used to calculate the binding free energy of EGCG with keratin segments. By extracting EGCG from the keratin‐EGCG complex using steered molecular dynamics, the rupture force was observed to be linearly related to the binding free energy. Multilayer binding of EGCG clusters to keratin has been shown. The binding free energy of ?6.2 kcal mol^?1 obtained from the simulations was in excellent agreement with the experimental Part II. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4816–4823, 2013     

Development of a DOPO‐containing melamine epoxy hardeners and its thermal and flame‐retardant properties of cured products

In this study, a novel Schiff base of melamine used as flame‐retardant curing agent for epoxy resins, was synthesized via condensation reaction of 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde with melamine, followed by the addition of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphen‐anthrene 10‐oxide (DOPO) to the resulting imine linkage. The structure of DOPO‐containing melamine Schiff base (P‐MSB) was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, ¹H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR) and ³¹P‐NMR. The compound (P‐MSB) was used as a reactive flame retardant in o‐cresol formaldehyde novolac epoxy resin (CNE) to prepare flame‐retardant epoxy resins for electronic application. The thermal and flame‐retardant properties of the epoxy resins cured by various equivalent ratios phenol formaldehyde novolac (PN) and P‐MSB were investigated by the nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry, the thermogravimetric analysis, and limiting oxygen index test. The obtained results showed that the cured epoxy resins possessed high T_g (165°C) and good thermal stability (T_5%, 321°C). Moreover, the P‐MSB/CNE systems exhibited higher limiting oxygen index (35) and more char was maintained in P‐MSB/CNE systems than that in PN/CNE system and the effective synergism of phosphorus–nitrogen indicated their excellent flame retardancy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

DEM-CFD simulation of the particle dispersion in a gas-solid two-phase flow for a fuel-rich/lean burner

The objective of this study was to numerically investigate the particle dispersion mechanisms in the gas-solid two-phase jet for a fuel-rich/lean burner by means of coupling the discrete element method (DEM) with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The DEM was employed to deal with the particle-particle and the particle-wall interaction in the computation of solid flow; while gas flow was computed by CFD based on the commercial software package Fluent. The particles with various Stokes numbers equal to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 (corresponding to particle diameter 10.8, 24.17, 34.18, 48.38 and 59.21 μm, respectively) in the gas-solid fuel-rich/lean jet were investigated in this study. The particle-particle collision was simulated and its effect on the fuel-rich/lean separating performance was evaluated. The results show that the particle-particle collision occurred more frequently with the increasing of Stokes numbers from 0.1 to 3. The particle dispersion became more uniform between the fuel-rich side and the fuel-lean side for particles with small Stokes number; while for particles at St > 1, a better fuel-rich/lean separating performance was achieved. The efficiency of the DEM-CFD coupling method was validated by the corresponding experiments, and a good agreement between the simulation and experiments was achieved as a result of the particle-particle collision.     

Effect of gas-liquid phase compositions on NO2 and NO absorption into ammonium-sulfite and bisulfite solutions

The effect of gas-liquid phase compositions on NO and NO₂ absorption into ammonium-sulfite and bisulfite solutions is investigated. Preliminary experiment results indicate that the concentrations of (NH₄)₂SO₃ or NH₄HSO₃ solution and the molar ratio for HSO₃⁻ to the total solution concentrations all have significant impact on NO₂ and NO absorption rates. While the solution concentration is constant, the absorption of NO_x mixture is strongly related to the ratio NO₂/NO_x. The absorption rate of NO is primarily affected by NO₂ inlet concentration, and the NO absorption rate reaches the maximum value in (NH₄)₂SO₃ solution with the increase of NO₂ inlet concentration, which is determined by the reaction of NO and NO₂ with SO₃²⁻ as well as NO formation. Moreover, when the solution is NH₄HSO₃ the best ratio of NO₂/NO for the maximum value of the NO absorption rate becomes less or smaller. Meanwhile, the presence of NO in the gas phase is also favorable to the absorption rate of NO₂ in ammonium-sulfite or bisulfite solutions. The total results suggest that the coexistence of NO and NO₂ in the flue gas could enhance the absorption of each other to some extent.     

废轮胎热解半焦燃烧动力学研究

利用热重－差热（ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ）分析仪对废轮胎热解半焦进行燃烧反应实验与机理研究．试验载气为空气，在２０ ℃～１０００℃温度范围内不同的加热速率下（１０ ℃／ｍｉｎ，３０℃／ｍｉｎ，５０℃／ｍｉｎ）对各种热解条件下制得废轮胎半焦进行燃烧动力学研究，分析了温升速率、制焦条件等对丰焦燃烧反应特性的影响，求出废轮胎半焦燃烧的动力学参数．提出丰焦两组分燃烧反应动力学模型，模型与实验数据符合很好．     

分数阶捕食者—食饵模型的变分迭代法

讨论了一类分数阶捕食者—食饵模型的变分迭代方法(Variational Iteration Method,VIM)。对该模型进行积分变换,得到与之等价的耦合积分微分方程组。根据变分原理,得出拉格朗日乘子,构建VIM求解格式,并对求解格式的收敛性进行分析。最后进行了相关的数值模拟,模拟结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。