浅谈膳食纤维在功能性肉制品中的开发应用

功能性食品是指具有调节机体功能、预防疾病、促进健康等功能，但不以治疗为目的的食品。功能性肉制品不仅为人们提供优质的蛋白质、矿物质及维生素等营养，还具有一定的保健功能。介绍了通过向肉类原料中添加膳食纤维来研究开发功能性肉制品。     

高产γ-氨基丁酸的富锌乳酸菌培养基优化及GAD基因的克隆和序列分析

为了检测和提高乳酸菌γ- 氨基丁酸(GABA)产量,本研究采用纸层析预染法分析Lactobacillus brevis BS2最佳发酵产GABA 条件为：pH5.0,以葡萄糖为碳源,以大豆蛋白胨和牛肉膏为复合氮源,碳氮比为1:1,底物质量分数1%,GABA 产量可达到6.32g/L。采用CTAB 法提取该菌株基因组,并以此基因组为模板应用降落PCR扩增出1407bp 的谷氨酸脱羧酶基因gad,将gad 克隆到T 载体后经测序分析发现与L. brevis strain BH2 的gad 具有高度的同源性,同源性达98%,证明该菌株为高产GABA 的富锌短小乳酸杆菌,在工业应用方面具有很大潜力。     

大豆活性肽酶解制备的工艺条件研究

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,选用碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶,分别从酶解pH 值、酶解温度、酶用量和底物质量分数因素研究其对单酶酶解大豆分离蛋白的影响。并通过Minitab 软件,利用响应曲面试验优化双酶酶解工艺条件。结果表明,其最佳酶解条件为酶解pH7.7、碱性蛋白酶用量为110mg/g 底物、风味蛋白酶用量为90mg/g底物、酶解温度56℃、底物质量分数8%、酶解时间7h,所得的大豆活性肽的分子量主要集中在1000D 以下。     

Iodine stability in iodized salt dual fortified with microencapsulated ferrous fumarate made by an extrusion-based encapsulation process

The development of a novel, extrusion-based process for making microencapsulated ferrous fumarate for salt double fortification has been reported earlier. This paper focuses on the results of a one-year storage test, specifically the stability of both iodine and ferrous iron in the double fortified salt (DFS) samples prepared using optimal formulations of the iron premix. The study was devised to test the effectiveness of the encapsulation system in the prevention of interaction between ferrous fumarate and iodine, and preservation of the iodine in iodized salt. The results confirmed that direct iodine–iron interaction occurred in the DFS samples when the iron compound was added without proper coating. However, when an appropriately encapsulated iron premix was used, the interaction could be completely prevented. The extrusion-based process has proven to be an effective approach to producing a stable, bioavailable iron premix, suitable for incorporation into iodized salt for combating iodine and iron deficiencies.     

Removal of some elements from washed and cooked rice studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and synchrotron based confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence

Extraction of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Ti from two white as well as from one brown rice samples was studied by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS). Samples were subjected to cold and hot water extraction (rice mass to deionised water volume ratio = 1:6, and 1:3, respectively). The discarded liquids were freeze-dried and digested by microwave-assisted digestion. About 50% of the content of the investigated elements could be extracted from the white rice. In case of the brown rice, the boiling water contained As, Cd, Ni and Ti in significant percentages. Elemental distributions in the rice grains determined by synchrotron radiation confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that a surface layer having a thickness of about 80 μm is the richest region in elements. Ti was detectable only in this so-called skin region. Good correlation was observed for the extraction of As, Mn, Ni and Ti by the above-mentioned two techniques. Thus, in regions affected by heavy metal and other toxic element contamination, those rice dishes would be preferred whose preparation should need abundant amounts of water for washing and cooking, which later should be discarded.     

Hypolipidemic Effect of Bamboo Shoot Oil (P. pubescens) in Sprague–Dawley Rats

Abstract: Atherosclerosis and its related complications are the leading causes of death in the West and in many developed countries. This study aims to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of bamboo shoot oil (BSO) in Sprague–Dawley rats. A group of rats had induced hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and fatty liver by being fed with a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 4 wk. The control group was administered 10 mL distilled water per kg body weight, while the other groups were, respectively, administered 250 mg beta-sitosterol, 250 mg BSO, 500 mg BSO, and 1000 mg BSO per kg body weight by oral gavage. The results demonstrated that BSO could significantly decrease the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, phytosterol, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and atherogenic index in serum, and increase the levels of cholesterol in feces. It could also significantly decrease the level of relative liver weight and liver lipids. The pronounced hypolipidemic effects of BSO might be attributed to its ability to inhibit cholesterol absorption and increase cholesterol excretion. These results suggest that consuming BSO may provide benefits in managing hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, BSO may be a good candidate for development as a functional food and nutraceutical.     

加工肉制品中杂环胺的研究进展

存在于加工肉制品中的杂环胺主要包括氨基咪唑氮和氨基咔啉两大类,两类杂环胺大多数都具有致癌、致突变作用,特别是2- 氨基-3- 甲基IQ 咪唑并[4,5-f]喹啉(IQ),已被国际癌症研究中心归类为“对人类高可疑致癌物(2A 级)”。长期研究表明,随着加工温度的升高和加工时间的延长,杂环胺含量显著上升;原料肉的种类会对产品中杂环胺含量产生影响;此外肉汁和肉汤中的杂环胺含量也是评估其每日摄取量的重要因素之一。本文对杂环胺的结构、分类、生物毒性、提取检测方法等进行综述,重点述评影响其形成的因素,以增进公众对杂环胺的认识。     

新型天然抗氧化剂——鞣花酸

鞣花酸(EA)属多酚类化合物,存在于多种水果、坚果和蔬菜中。研究发现,鞣花酸具有较强的抗脂质过氧化、抗诱变及捕捉自由基的能力,是一种亟待开发的天然抗氧剂。本文综述了鞣花酸的生理活性、抗氧化作用机理及其制备途径。     

啤酒高浓酿造的研究

探讨了高麦汁浓度对酵母生长发酵的影响 ,研究了麦汁溶氧对酵母生长发酵的促进作用。实验结果表明 :随着麦汁浓度的增加 ,酵母糖降速率明显降低 ;相同浓度的麦汁 ,α 氨基酸含量低 ,酵母糖降速率下降 ;α 氨基氮含量高 ,酵母增殖密度明显增加 ,但单位α 氨基氮生成酵母细胞干重降低 ,即增加的α 氨基氮未被充分用于生成酵母细胞 ;充入纯氧能显著提高麦汁的饱和溶氧量 ,采用二次充氧比一次充氧能够显著提高啤酒发酵度 ,并缩短发酵时间     

冷冻糯米团糕品质的研究

研究发现 ,传统糯米团制品往往会出现粘牙、塌陷、开裂等现象 ,适当加入一定比例的粳米粉及食品添加剂可减缓并改善这些现象的发生 ,并可提高它的弹性及α度。采用正交试验得出产品加水量为 70 % ,瓜尔豆胶 0 .10 % ,β 环状糊精 0 .15 % ,蔗糖酯 0 .30 % ,ω(糯米粉 ) :ω(粳米粉 ) =3∶2 ,速冻解冻后制品基本不变