The effects of nitric oxide (NO) annealing on conventional thermal oxides are reported in this letter. The oxide thickness increase, resulting from NO annealing, is found to be only a few angstroms (<0.5 nm) and independent on the initial oxide thickness. Furthermore, both the electrical and physical characteristics are improved. This technique is expected to achieve sub-5 nm high quality ultrathin dielectric films for the applications in EEPROM's and ULSI 相似文献
A drug with cationic characteristics such as procaine can be conveyed in a Carbomer hydrogel in two different ways: (i) in the form of salt in solution in the aqueous phase, and (ii) in the base form salified with the same polymer. Introduction of the drug into the hydrogel with different concentrations of polymer produced, in both cases, a reduction in viscosity in relation to drug concentration. The gels with procaine salified with the polymer showed greater viscosity. The drug release rate, in general, diminished with the increase in polymer concentration. Nevertheless, when this concentration was maintained, there was no variation in release rate when the viscosity produced as a consequence of drug concentration was changed. Gels with procaine salified with the carboxyvinylic polymer had a faster release rate than those with procaine in the hydrochloride form dissolved in the aqueous phase. These results have also been confirmed by a simulated absorption test. 相似文献
Two forms of a sampling theorem for concentric circles are established for a bandlimited two-dimensional (2-D) function. The location of the samples is prescribed either on equidistant circles or on the roots of the Bessel function J0( ). Both methods give comparable results, however, the number of samples required for their numerical evaluation is significantly less for the root-sampling formulation. 相似文献
Recently many runoff models based on cellular automaton (CA) have been developed to simulate floods; however, the existing models cannot be readily applied to complex urban environments. This study proposes a novel rainfall-runoff model based on CA (RRCA) to simulate inundation. Its main contributions include a fine runoff generation process that considers 12 urban scenarios rather than a single land use type and the confluence process determined by the new transition rules considering water supply and demand (WS-WD transition rules). RRCA was compared with another CA based flood model (E2DCA). With the benchmark model, the results showed that there was good agreement, with an R-squared greater than 0.9, and that RRCA was more sensitive to waterlogging levels than E2DCA. Furthermore, the simulated vegetation interception, infiltration and drainage processes had varying degrees of impact on waterlogging. Corresponding measures can be taken in urban flood management according to the identification of areas experiencing drainage difficulties.