内蒙古传统肉肠中乳酸菌的筛选及生长性能测定

通过对内蒙古传统肉肠中的乳酸菌进行筛选,从中筛选出适合用于发酵香肠的发酵剂,并对筛选出的菌株进行耐盐性、耐亚硝酸盐性能、72 h生长曲线的测定。经过筛选实验,筛选出了3株菌,分别为X3-9、X3-10、X3-12。在较低浓度Na Cl的MRS培养基中,3株菌生长情况差异不显著,在9%Na Cl的MRS中,X3-12的耐盐性显著优于其他2株菌(P0.05);在较高浓度的亚硝酸盐培养基中,X3-9的耐亚硝酸能力显著强于其他菌株(P0.05),3株菌的72 h生长情况良好且没有显著差异,因此这3株菌均可作为发酵香肠发酵剂。     

响应面设计优化川明参蛋白提取工艺

以川明参乙醇提取后的残渣为原料,通过单因素和响应面实验对超声波辅助提取川明参蛋白工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,各因子对川明参蛋白提取率影响的先后次序为:超声功率液料比超声温度超声时间,最佳提取工艺条件为:p H12.5的碱溶液、液料比24∶1m L/g、超声功率185W、超声温度34℃、超声时间31min。该工艺条件下,川明参蛋白的平均提取率为54.62%。所得川明参蛋白提取回归模型高度显著(R2=0.9484),拟合性好,可用于预测川明参蛋白提取率。     

巴美肉羊MyHC荧光定量检测方法的优化

通过相对荧光定量的方法,以18S rRNA做管家基因,探索MyHC基因家族是否可用于巴美肉羊的研究,并确定最佳退火温度。研究发现引物可用于巴美肉羊MyHC基因表达量的研究;当退火温度为57℃时各基因的峰值单一,Ct值最稳定,且扩增效率好。此方法确定的实验条件可以用于测定巴美肉羊MyHC mRNA表达量的分析。     

BOT模式下的工业园区集中废水处理项目综合风险分析

目前我国对工业企业多实行园区化管理,集中废水处理厂是工业园区发展的重要基础设施。工业园区集中废水处理厂对废水处理的要求高,污染物排放标准严格,但进水水质水量变化大,且影响水质水量变化的不确定因素多,使得废水处理从工艺技术到运行管理都具有较强的针对性和特殊性要求,项目技术难度高、投资大。采用BOT模式实施园区集中废水处理项目,风险主要包括:政策及法律风险、经济及金融风险、BOT模式设计缺陷产生的风险、工程建设风险和技术风险等。对于这些风险应充分考虑其特点并加以防范。     

肉制品中香味物质形成原因研究进展

在肉制品中,香味前体物质(糖类,氨基酸,脂类,硫胺素及肽类)通过脂质氧化、美拉德反应、斯特勒克降解反应和硫胺素降解等主要途径形成肉的香味,阈值与挥发性物质浓度是影响香味的内因,影响香味的外部因素是p H值、温度、水分活度、加工方式等,文中介绍了影响香气产生的内因和外因,及肉制品香气的形成机制。     

Emission factors, size distributions, and emission inventories of carbonaceous particulate matter from residential wood combustion in rural China

Published emission factors (EFs) often vary significantly, leading to high uncertainties in emission estimations. There are few reliable EFs from field measurements of residential wood combustion in China. In this study, 17 wood fuels and one bamboo were combusted in a typical residential stove in rural China to measure realistic EFs of particulate matter (PM), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC), as well as to investigate the influence of fuel properties and combustion conditions on the EFs. Measured EFs of PM, OC, and EC (EF(PM), EF(OC), and EF(EC), respectively) were in the range of 0.38-6.4, 0.024-3.0, and 0.039-3.9 g/kg (dry basis), with means and standard derivation of 2.2 ± 1.2, 0.62 ± 0.64, and 0.83 ± 0.69 g/kg, respectively. Shrubby biomass combustion produced higher EFs than tree woods, and both species had lower EFs than those of indoor crop residue burning (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between EF(PM), EF(OC), and EF(EC) were expected. By using a nine-stage cascade impactor, it was shown that size distributions of PM emitted from tree biomass combustions were unimodal with peaks at a diameter less than 0.4 μm (PM(0.4)), much finer than the PM from indoor crop residue burning. Approximately 79.4% of the total PM from tree wood combustion was PM with a diameter less than 2.1 μm (PM(2.1)). PM size distributions for shrubby biomasses were slightly different from those for tree fuels. On the basis of the measured EFs, total emissions of PM, OC, and EC from residential wood combustion in rural China in 2007 were estimated at about 303, 75.7, and 92.0 Gg.     

Retene emission from residential solid fuels in China and evaluation of retene as a unique marker for soft wood combustion

Retene (1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene) is often used as a marker for softwood combustion and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) source apportionment. The emission factors of retene (EF(RET)s) from 11 crop residues, 27 firewood fuels, and 5 coals were measured using traditional rural Chinese stoves. Retene was measured in combustion emissions from all of the residential fuels tested and EF(RET)s varied significantly among the fuels due to the differences in fuel properties and combustion conditions. EF(RET)s for pine (0.34 ± 0.08 mg/kg) and larch (0.29 ± 0.22 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those of other wood types, including fir and cypress (0.081 ± 0.058 mg/kg). However, EF(RET)s for crop residues varied from 0.048 ± 0.008 to 0.37 ± 0.14 mg/kg and were not significantly lower than those for softwood (0.074 ± 0.026 to 0.34 ± 0.08 mg/kg). The EF(RET)s for coal were very high and ranged from 2.2 ± 1.5 (anthracite briquette) to 187 ± 113 mg/kg (raw bituminous chunk). EF(RET) was positively correlated with EFs of coemitted particulate matter (EF(PM)) and phenanthrene (EF(PHE)) for crop residue and coal, but not for wood. In addition, the ratios of EF(PHE)/EF(RET) and EF(PM)/EF(RET) for coals were much lower than those for crop residues and wood. These data suggest that retene is not a unique PAH marker for softwood combustion and that coal combustion, in particular, should be taken into account when retene is used for PAH source apportionment.     

聚酰胺吸附-HPLC测定饮料和糖果中的20种水溶性色素

建立了聚酰胺吸附-HPLC测定饮料和糖果中的20种水溶性色素的方法。样品用水提取,经聚酰胺粉末吸附-洗脱后,以Eclipse XDB C18柱分析(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),采用0.02 mol/L乙酸铵-甲醇-乙腈梯度洗脱,检测波长分别选取450、520和620 nm。该方法线性范围2.00～50.0μg/mL,重现性相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.51%～7.8%,回收率71.4%～109.2%,检出限0.03～0.3 mg/kg。     

SM92型剑杆织机使用实践

探讨SM92型剑杆织机的工艺性能优化。以织制缎条纹织物为例,分析了该织机开口动程和开口时间、后梁高度和停经架位置等工艺参数的调整和优化措施;阐述了提高织机效率、降低织疵的有效方法。指出:应根据织物的结构和特性,不断优化上机工艺参数,不断分析织机效率降低及织疵产生的原因,并采取相应的技术措施以发挥设备应有的性能。通过合理配置上机工艺参数,织造时十万纬经停下降到17次,十万纬纬停下降到7次,织机效率提高了17.64个百分点。     

气相色谱歧视效应的探讨与研究

从气相色谱的分流进样和不分流进样的原理入手,详细地对分流进样的歧视效应产生的原因和造成的影响进行了详细的阐述。分流歧视会造成几种或某些类物质的定量失真,从而影响定量分析的准确度。通过多年的工作实际,总结了可以从9个方面克服分流进样分析中的歧视效应,从而保证定量分析的准确性。