多孔陶瓷分离膜

多孔陶瓷膜由于其优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐微生物侵蚀等性质，近年来被快速地应用于分离领域。本文介绍其制备方法、性能测定及应用前景。     

EBR胶乳凝胶的控制及其对ABS树脂冲击性能的影响

主要讨论了摩尔质量调节剂，延长后期反应时间，提高后期反应温度，过硫酸钾用量等对乙烯－丁二烯橡胶（EBR）胶乳凝胶的影响；同时讨论了低凝胶条件和高凝胶条件下凝胶对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明：低凝胶条件,ABS树脂的冲击性能随凝胶质量分数的增加而增加；高凝胶条件下，则随凝胶质量分的增加而降低，得到了EBR胶乳生产中凝胶的主要控制方法，并通过控制EBR胶乳凝胶来实现对ABS树脂冲击性能的控制。     

Preparation,characterization, and adsorption properties for metal ions of a novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol

A novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol, poly{4‐vinylbenzyl‐[2‐2‐(hydroxyethyl)ethoxyl]sulfoxide} (PVESO) was synthesized using chloromethylated polystyrene (PS‐Cl) as material. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacities of the resin for Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺ at various pH values were determined. The maximum adsorption capacities for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ were 1.56 and 0.75 mmol g^?1 respectively. The resin had high selectivity for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ over the pH range 1.0–7.0. The adsorption capacities for Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ under competitive condition were also determined by batch experiment method. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of the resin towards Hg²⁺ at different temperatures was also investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rate was governed by film diffusion at 20°C and 25°C, by particle diffusion at 30°C and 35°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 6054–6059, 2006     

Sliding mode control design via piecewise smooth Lipschitz surfaces based on contingent cone criteria

In order to improve flexibility of sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of nonlinear systems, a new control design method is proposed in this paper. The sliding surface is extended to be a generic Lipschitz continuous surface instead of a smooth one, with which different characteristics of sliding motion may be realized. Due to the nonsmoothness of the sliding surface, the control design problem is discussed in the framework of Filippov’s differential inclusion, by analyzing the geometric properties of the nonsmooth surface. Discontinuous control laws are presented based on new contingent cone criteria, which steer all of the trajectories of the closed-loop system to reach the piecewise smooth sliding surface in finite time.     

Relationship of structure to properties of surfactants. 16. Linear decyldiphenylether sulfonates

The properties of some well-characterized sodium linear decyldiphenylether (C₁₀DPE)sulfonates have been studied. Among the properties investigated are dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface, wetting time by the Draves technique, foaming by the Ross-Miles method, solubilization, and hydrotropy. The decyldiphenylether moiety appears to be equivalent to a terminally substituted straight alkyl chain of 16 carbon atoms. The trialkyl- and dialkyl-mono-sulfonates have solubilities of < 0.01 g/dm³ in water, but are readily soluble in hexane. The didecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate (DADS) has a very low CMC value (1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³) in aqueous 0.1 N Na⁺ solution (NaCl), characteristic of surfactants with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups. It also has a much larger area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface than the monodecyldiphenyl-ether monosulfonate (MAMS) and a much higher surface tension at the CMC. MAMS has a much lower surface tension at a surface age of 1 second (γ_1s) than either DADS or the monodecyldiphenylether disulfonate (MADS). In agreement with γ_1s and γ_eq values, wetting times increase in the order: MAMS < DADS < MADS and initial foam heights decrease in the order: MAMS > DADS > MADS. Solubilization for three water-insoluble surfactants decreases in the order: DADS > MAMS > MADS, while hydrotropy is most pronounced with the disulfonates.     

基于表面反应和扩散迁移控制的灰岩单裂隙渗流—溶解模型及其数值模拟

针对碳酸盐类可溶岩地区水电站坝址流场、化学场以及固相介质属性等随时间发生改变,从而对工程安全运行造成不利影响等问题,研究了灰岩地区地下水运移过程中各物理场间的相互作用,分析了影响灰岩溶解速率的两个因素,即表面反应控制和扩散迁移控制。在此基础上,建立了单裂隙中的渗流—溶解耦合模型,并进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,在垂直裂隙延伸方向,其溶蚀锋面为非齐整平面,而是呈似“虫洞”状非均一变化,而沿裂隙延伸方向即自上游侧向下游方向溶蚀程度逐渐减轻;而通过裂隙的流量呈现随时间逐渐增大的趋势,但变幅不大;根据流量求得的等效水力隙宽,其增幅和增长速率均小于实际平均隙宽;同时,化学场中Ca2+浓度的分布与裂隙开度变化具有相似性,不同时刻下上游侧反应速率R均大于下游侧。就反应机制而言,在初期均受表面反应控制,而随反应进行,位于上游补给区部位转为受扩散迁移控制,但在下游位置仍受表面反应控制。     

浮式风电装备动态响应敏感性参数分析

为研究各参数对浮式风电装备动态响应的影响程度,寻找响应变化规律和设计优化方向,根据海装6.2 MW浮式风电装备参数进行一体化仿真。结合规范要求、设计经验和环境条件特点,针对不同环境条件的重现期、风谱类型、波浪谱类型、极端阵风周期进行参数敏感性分析,得到浮式风电装备不同部分动态响应结果。结果表明：不同环境条件的重现期和组合方式对运动响应和锚链张力影响十分明显,对机组载荷的影响则与机组所处状态相关;风谱类型主要影响机组载荷,对平台运动和锚链张力影响不大,考虑空间相干性的湍流风谱结果最危险;波浪谱类型对运动幅值和锚链张力极值影响较大,在发电工况下对机组载荷的影响较小,但在空转工况下对机组载荷的影响较大;阵风周期对运动响应、塔筒载荷、机舱加速度影响相对明显,但对轮毂载荷、锚链张力影响不大。     

板坯连铸结晶器Co基合金涂层抗冷热疲劳性能研究

采用HVOF对板坯连铸结晶器窄边CrZrCu板喷涂C0基合金涂层，与电镀Co—Ni镀层进行对比分析。结果表明：450℃下进行冷热疲劳试验，Co基合金涂层经过113次后，涂层还保持完好无损，未出现任何缺陷，而电镀镀层只能承受37．8次；800℃时，Co基合金涂层经过29．4次冷热疲劳后，有3l％的涂层剥落，而电镀层只能承受21．4次。这说明HVOF涂层具有非常高的抗冷热疲劳性能。