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101.
Hak Joon Lee Sung Hong Hahn Eui Jung Kim Yong Zoo You 《Journal of Materials Science》2004,39(11):3683-3688
We prepared TiO2-SiO2 thin films with various TiO2/SiO2 ratios by sol-gel dip coating method and explored the dependence of their structural and optical properties on calcination temperature. The absorption peaks relevant to Si—O, Si—O—Ti and Ti—O bonds appeared in the FTIR spectra. With increasing TiO2 content, the intensity of Si—O bond peaks decreases and that of Ti—O bond peaks increases. The XRD results show that the temperature of transformation from amorphous to anatase phase is lowered as TiO2 content increases. The crystallite size of anatase phase in composite thin films increases with increasing TiO2 content and calcination temperature. At 1000°C, the mixed phase of anatase and rutile appears in the pure TiO2 thin films. The rutile films are denser than the anatase films. The increase in refractive index of composite thin films with calcination temperature is related to the decreased thickness and increased density as a result of evaporation of water and organic matters below 400°C. On the other hand, it is related to the change in the crystal phase and crystallite size of the films over 400°C. 相似文献
102.
In this paper, a nonlinear minimization approach is proposed for multiobjective and structured controls for discrete‐time systems. The problem of finding multiobjective and structured controls for discrete‐time systems is represented as a quadratic matrix inequality problem. It is shown that the problem is reduced to a nonlinear minimization problem that has a concave objective function and linear matrix inequality constraints. An algorithm for the nonlinear minimization problem is proposed, which is easily implemented with existing semidefinite programming algorithms. The validity of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by comparisons with existing methods. In addition, applications of this work are demonstrated via numerical examples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
Hierarchical fuzzy modeling techniques have great advantage since model accuracy and complexity can be easily controlled thanks to the transparent model structures. A novel tool for regression tree identification is proposed based on the synergistic combination of fuzzy c-regression clustering and the concept of hierarchical modeling. In a special case (c = 2), fuzzy c-regression clustering can be used for identification of hinging hyperplane models. The proposed method recursively identifies a hinging hyperplane model that contains two linear submodels by partitioning operating region of one local linear model resulting a binary regression tree. Novel measures of model performance and complexity are developed to support the analysis and building of the proposed special model structure. Effectiveness of proposed model is demonstrated by benchmark regression datasets. Examples also demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively represent nonlinear dynamical systems. Thanks to the piecewise linear model structure the resulted regression tree can be easily utilized in model predictive control. A detailed application example related to the model predictive control of a water heater demonstrate that the proposed framework can be effectively used in modeling and control of dynamical systems. 相似文献
104.
Sheng Yan Lok Yan Yim Rachel Chun Yee Tam Albert Chan Liwei Lu Chak Sing Lau Vera Sau-Fong Chan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(8)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by hyperactivated immune responses to self-antigens and persistent systemic inflammation. Previously, we reported abnormalities in circulating and bone marrow (BM)-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from SLE patients. Here, we aim to seek for potential regulators that mediate functional aberrations of pDCs in SLE. BM-derived pDCs from NZB/W F1 mice before and after the disease onset were compared for toll-like receptor (TLR) induced responses and microRNA profile changes. While pDCs derived from symptomatic mice were phenotypically comparable to pre-symptomatic ones, functionally they exhibited hypersensitivity to TLR7 but not TLR9 stimulation, as represented by the elevated upregulation of CD40, CD86 and MHC class II molecules upon R837 stimulation. Upregulated induction of miR-155 in symptomatic pDCs following TLR7 stimulation was observed. Transfection of miR-155 mimics in pre-symptomatic pDCs induced an augmented expression of Cd40, which is consistent with the increased CD40 expression in symptomatic pDCs. Overall, our results provide evidence for miR-155-mediated regulation in pDC functional abnormalities in SLE. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of SLE pathogenesis and ignite future interests in evaluating the molecular regulation in autoimmunity. 相似文献
105.
Tamás Vajk Gergely Mezei Tihamér Levendovszky 《Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering》2013,9(3):147-162
In software engineering, modeling with unified modeling language and object constraint language became industry standards and are supported by many computer-aided software engineering tools. The increasing number of the modeled functionalities results in complex models that need more and more textual constraints to express the hidden restrictions applied to the systems. During the metamodel development, rebuilding all the constraints is unnecessary when only a few changes have been applied due to the iterative, incremental manner of modifications. In this paper, we present a family of algorithms that handles the changes in constraints incrementally on the expression level; thus, the required rebuilds are kept to a minimum. Incremental variable reference resolving and type checking are performed as a part of the incremental semantic analysis. Balancing between the incremental and standard compilation is also considered, heuristics are given to select the faster method of compilation at each iteration. With the achieved results the duration of metamodel development can be decreased; thus, the efficiency of the environment is improved. 相似文献
106.
Kyoung Bin Lee Jin Soo Park Myung Do Oh Sung Joon Bae Shin Do Kim 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2014,28(7):2677-2686
This study measured and estimated the subway vent shaft air flow rate induced by moving trains in the tunnel. This work estimated the flow rate via the tunnel structure and train movement to determine the quantitative effect of vent shafts as air purification systems of natural ventilation to improve the air quality management of a subway. The amount of air suctioned into the tunnel is significantly larger than that vented from the tunnel. Thus, placing vent shafts near subway stations is desirable for natural ventilation systems. Experimental approaches to measure train-induced flow rates have not yet been published. Results of this study provide useful fundamental data to study the natural ventilation in a subway. Therefore, this study suggested the significant design factors required to control indoor air quality in a subway. 相似文献
107.
108.
Kiho Bae Kyung Sik Son Jun Woo Kim Suk Won Park Jihwan An Fritz B. Prinz Joon Hyung Shim 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2014
This work elucidated the proton-incorporation mechanism in ALD YSZ1. Isotope 2H2O was used as an oxidant to trace proton incorporation. The ratio of ZrO2 to Y2O3 ALD cycles was varied from 1:1 to 5:1. TEM confirmed that the ALD YSZ films grew as fully crystallized columnar grains in the cubic ZrO2 phase. SIMS indicated that the Y3+ and 2H+ concentrations were linearly correlated, indicating yttria-deposition-induced proton incorporation. XPS confirmed an appreciable amount of Y(OH)3 proportional to the 2H+ content in the ALD YSZ, as was also detected by SIMS. Oxide ion vacancies created by the replacement of ZrO2 with relatively small amounts of Y2O3 provided additional vacancies for proton incorporation, resulting in steeper [2H+]/[Y3+] slopes. 相似文献
109.
Carbon nanotube/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> composite for air electrode of lithium-air battery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A carbon nanotube [CNT]/Co3O4 composite is introduced as a catalyst for the air electrode of lithium-air [Li/air] batteries. Co3O4 nanoparticles are successfully attached to the sidewall of the CNT by a hydrothermal method. A high discharge capacity and
a low overvoltage indicate that the CNT/Co3O4 composite is a very promising catalyst for the air electrode of Li/air batteries. 相似文献
110.
M. I. Vexler S. E. Tyaginov Yu. Yu. Illarionov Yew Kwang Sing Ang Diing Shenp V. V. Fedorov D. V. Isakov 《Semiconductors》2013,47(5):686-694
The algorithm is suggested for calculating the I–V characteristics of a voltage- or current-controlled metal-tunnel-thin insulator-semiconductor system. The basic underlying physical models are discussed. Applicability of the algorithm is confirmed by a comparison of the simulation results with the measurement data obtained by the authors and borrowed from the literature, for several different structures. The presented information is supposed to suffice for calculating the electrical characteristics of the investigated structures with the various combinations of materials: metal or polysilicon gate, single-layer or stacked insulator, and semiconductor with any doping type and level. 相似文献