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41.
Downham MC Hall DR Chamberlain DJ Cork A Farman DI Tamò M Dahounto D Datinon B Adetonah S 《Journal of chemical ecology》2003,29(4):989-1011
The legume podborer, Maruca vitrata (syn. M. testulalis) (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a pantropical pest of legume crops. Sex pheromone was collected by gland extraction or trapping of volatiles from virgin female moths originating in India, West Africa, or Taiwan. Analysis by GC-EAG and GC-MS confirmed previously published findings that (E,E)-10,12- hexadecadienal is the most abundant EAG-active component with 2–5% of (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol also present. At least one other EAG response was detected at retention times typical of monounsaturated hexadecenals or tetradecenyl acetates, but neither could be detected by GC-MS. Laboratory wind-tunnel bioassays and a field bioassay of blends of (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal with (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol and a range of monounsaturated hexadecenal and tetradecenyl acetate isomers indicated greatest attraction of males was to those including (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol and (E)-10-hexadecenal as minor components. In subsequent trapping experiments in cowpea fields in Benin, traps baited with a three-component blend of (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal and these two minor components in a 100:5:5 ratio caught significantly more males than traps baited with the major component alone, either two-component blend, or virgin female moths. Further blend optimization experiments did not produce a more attractive blend. No significant differences in catches were found between traps baited with polyethylene vials or rubber septa, or between lures containing 0.01 and 0.1 mg of synthetic pheromone. Significant numbers of female M. vitrata moths, up to 50% of total catches, were trapped with synthetic blends but not with virgin females. At present there is no clear explanation for this almost unprecedented finding, but the phenomenon may improve the predictive power of traps for population monitoring. 相似文献
42.
Tae?Joon?Chung Min?Chan?Kim Chang?Kyun?ChoiEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2004,21(1):41-47
The temporal development of thermal disturbances in the fluid layer heated isothermally from below is investigated, based
on propagation theory. This theory is examined by using scaling. To examine the behavior of thermal instability the mean-field
approximation is employed and resulting equations are solved by Galerkin method. The stability criteria to mark the onset
of convective instability are newly suggested as the intersection point of the growth rate of averaged temperature with that
of its fluctuation. The resulting critical time is close to that derived from propagation theory. By considering the nonlinear
effects, the characteristic times to represent the detection time of manifest convection and also to exhibit the minimum Nusselt
number are discussed. 相似文献
43.
44.
Electrochemical cell current requirements for toxic organic waste destruction in Ce(IV)-mediated electrochemical oxidation process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vasily V. Kokovkin Sang Joon Chung Subramanian Balaji Manickam Matheswaran Il-Shik Moon 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2007,24(5):749-756
The electrochemical cell for cerium oxidation and reactor for organic destruction are the most important operation units for
the successful working mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process. In this study, electrochemical cells with DSA electrodes
of two types, single stack and double stack connected in series, were used. The performances towards the electrochemical generation
of Ce(IV) in nitric acid media at 80 °C were studied. The current-voltage curves and cerium electrolysis kinetics showed the
dependence on number of cell stacks needed to be connected in series for the destruction of a given quantity of organic pollutant.
The presence of an optimum region for Ce(III) oxidation with a contribution of oxygen evolution, especially at low Ce(III)
concentration (high conversion ratios), was found. The cells were applied for the Ce(IV) regeneration during the organic destruction.
The cell and reactor processes were fitted in a simple model proposed and used to calculate the current needed in terms of
Ce(III) oxidation rate and the number of cell stacks required for maintaining Ce(IV)/Ce(III) ratio at the same level during
the organic destruction. This consideration was based on the kinetic model previously developed by us for the organic destruction
in the MEO process. 相似文献
45.
Yong?Rae?Chae Yeo?Joon?Yoon Keun?Garp?RyuEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2004,21(5):999-1002
Expanded bed behavior was modeled by using the Richardson-Zaki correlation between the superficial velocity of the feed stream and the void fraction of the bed. A polydisperse material, Chelating excellose® (70-210 Μm in diameter, 1.21 g/cm3 in density), which has Ni2+ ions for the selective binding of histidine-tagged proteins, was used as the resin. A method to modify the Stokes expression to express the terminal settling velocity of the resins by introducing two empirical parameters, the effective diameter of the resins and an exponent for(ρ p -ρ)/Μ term, was developed. Combined use of the Richardson-Zaki correlation and the modified Stokes expression was successful in modeling the bed expansion by incorporating physical properties of feed streams and the resins. 相似文献
46.
To improve the electrical conductivity of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) film, metallic sulfides and PAN composite film were prepared by the chelating method. Dense PAN film and porous PAN film were prepared by dry process and wet process, respectively. These PAN films were treated to NH2OH solution to introduce the amidoxime group coordinated with metallic ion. Cu+2 and Cd+2 ions were adsorbed to amidoximated PAN films, the sulfur ion was treated with metal-adsorbed PAN films, and thus CuS—and CdS–PAN composite films were prepared. The adsorptive capacity of amidoximated PAN film for the Cu+2 ion was independent of the morphology of the PAN film, but the adsorptive capacity of the Cd+2 ion on amidoximated PAN film was dependent on porosity of the polymer. Adsorptive capacity of amidoximated porous PAN film for Cd+2 was improved about four times than that of amidoximated dense PAN film. The electrical conductivities of CuS–dense and porous PAN composite film were both 10?1 S/cm in optimum condition, but because of the difference in adsorptive capacity, the electrical conductivities of CdS–dense and CdS–porous PAN composite films were 10?9 S/cm and 10?4 S/cm, respectively. Additionally, because CdS was known as a photoconductive material, the photoconductive properties of CdS–porous PAN composite film were investigated. 相似文献
47.
Joon‐Seop Kim Min‐Chul Hong Yeon Hwa Nah Yeonhee Lee Seunghee Han Hyun Eui Lim 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2002,83(11):2500-2504
The wetting properties of polystyrene‐based ionomers treated with plasma source ion implantation (PSII) were investigated by the measurement of water contact angles. When sulfonated ionomers were aged for a few days, the hydrophobic recovery for the ionomers became much slower than that for the nonionic polymers. However, when the samples were aged over 20 days, the water contact angle of the ionomers converged with that of the nonionic polymer. Thus, it was concluded that the ionic interaction between the ionic groups and the presence of ionic groups together resulted in the slow hydrophobic recovery and that the aging effect was significant for the ionomers. For the methacrylate ionomer of low ion content, on the other hand, it was found that the PSII treatment produced only a small change in hydrophobic recovery behavior. Thus, it was suggested that the low ionic content coupled with the small size of the ionic unit might cause changes only of a very insignificant degree in hydrophobic recovery behavior. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2500–2504, 2002 相似文献
48.
E. W. M. Lee I. W. H. Fung V. W. Y. Tam M. Arashpour 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2014,18(10):1999-2014
Building cooling load prediction is critical to the success of energy-saving measures. While many of the computational models currently available in the industry have been developed for this purpose, most require extensive computer resources and involve lengthy computational processes. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently been adopted for prediction, and pioneering works have confirmed the feasibility of this approach. However, users are required to predetermine an ANN model’s parameters. This hinders the applicability of the ANN approach in actual engineering problems, as most engineers may be unfamiliar with soft computing. This paper proposes a fully autonomous kernel-based neural network (AKNN) model for noisy data regression prediction. No part of the model’s mechanism requires human intervention; rather, it self-organises its structure according to the training samples presented. Unlike the other existing autonomous models, the AKNN model is an online learning model. It is particularly suitable for online steps-ahead prediction. In this paper, we benchmark the AKNN model’s performance according to other ANN models. It is also successfully applied to predicting the cooling load of a commercial building in Hong Kong. The occupancy areas and concentration of carbon dioxide inside the building are successfully adopted to mimic the building’s internal cooling load. Training data was adopted from actual measurements taken inside the building. Its results show reasonable agreement with actual cooling loads. 相似文献
49.
The isotopic exchange has been studied between catalyst radiosulfur and H2S, formed in thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) (named S-displace) on alumina supported molybdena, on CoMoOx, PdMoOx, PtMoOx and on silica–alumina supported NiWOx. S-displace was compared with radiosulfur exchange data between catalyst radiosulfur and gas phase H2S (Sexc) determined previously. The extent of Sexc was higher than that of the S-displace for Mo, CoMo in and NiW, whereas the extent of S-displace from PdMoO and PtMoO was
significantly higher, than that of Sexc. Thiophene HDS product distribution data are discussed in terms of increased C=C hydrogenation and C–C hydrogenolysis activity,
explained by increasing H2S production with longer circulation time of the thiophene/H2 mixture, The C1/C3<1 ratios among C4-hydrogenolysis products indicate some coke formation. The decrease of thiophene HDS activity is presumably a consequence
of increasing site-blocking with the formation of more H2S and coke with longer duration of thiophene treatment. 相似文献
50.
The interfaces between metal organic chemical vapor deposited PbTiO3 thin films and various diffusion barrier layers deposited on Si substrates were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Several diffusion barrier thin films such as polycrystalline TiO2 , amorphous TiO2 , ZrO2 , and TiN were deposited between the PbTiO3 thin film and Si substrate, because the deposition of PbTiO3 thin films on bare Si substrates produced Pb silicate layers at the interface irrespective of the deposition conditions. The TiO2 films were converted to PbTiO3 by their reaction with diffused Pb and O ions during PbTiO3 deposition at a gubstrate temperature of 410°C. Further diffusion of Pb and O induces formation of a Pb silicate layer at the interface. ZrO2 did not seem to react with Pb and O during PbTiO3 deposition at the same temperature, but the Pb and O ions that diffused through the ZrO2 layer formed a Pb silicate layer between the ZrO2 and Si substrate. The TiN films did not seem to react with Pb and O ions during the deposition of PbTiO3 at 410°C, but reacted with PbTiO3 to form a lead-deficient pyrochlore during postdeposition rapid thermal annealing at 700°C. However, TiN could effectively block the diffusion of Pb and O ions into the Si substrate and the formation of Pb silicate at the interface. 相似文献