Low surface energy self-polishing polymer grafted MWNTs for antibacterial coating and controlled-release property of Cu2O

Marine biofouling had been a headache when engaging in marine activities. The most effective and convenient method for dealing with this problem was to apply antifouling coatings. But now a single anti-fouling system was hard to satisfy the requirement of anti-fouling simultaneously. Therefore, it was particularly important to develop novel multi-system anti-fouling technology. In the work, a novel polymer coatings with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segments in the main chain and hydrolysable side chain was designed and synthesized which showed low surface energy and self-polishing performance, and then we creatively covalently immobilized the polyurethane on the surface of multi-carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to form multisystem antifouling coating. The results showed that the polymer coating would produce hydrolysable regions in the hydrophobic PDMS segment to endure the polymer coating hydrophobic and hydrolysis properties when contacted with water. In addition, the self-polishing rate and the surface energy could be regulated by varying its copolymerization, and the addition of MWNTs could kill the microorganisms and endowed the polymer coating itself enhanced antibacterial effect. Furthermore, considering the high specific surface area and physicochemical characteristics of MWNTs, it could be combined with antifoulant Cu₂O through a polar or non-polar combination as a carrier to control the release rate of Cu₂O in coatings.     

Systematic investigation on the effect of crosslinking agent type and dosage on the performance of TPU/MVQ based thermoplastic vulcanizates

Dynamic vulcanized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared in torque rheometer. The influence of the type and amount of peroxide crosslinking agent on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, micromorphology and melt flowability was systematically investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the TPVs vulcanized by 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butyl peroxy) hexane (DBPH) first increased and then decreased with increasing the peroxide amount, while for dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanizing system the mechanical properties slowly increased. Besides, the comprehensive mechanical properties vulcanized by DBPH were better than those of DCP group. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the TPVs vulcanized by DBPH had better heat stability, corresponding to the excellent thermo-oxidative aging performance and the 38% increase in tensile strength after aging. In addition, the MVQ rubber particles showed better dispersing performance for DBPH vulcanizing system. The melt flow rate of the TPVs showed a linear relationship with increasing DBPH dosage and became worse after the amount of crosslinking agent exceeded 1.5 phr. By comprehensive comparison, the TPVs have better performance when use peroxide DBPH as the crosslinking agent and the dosage is 1.5 phr.     

Effects of the molecular structure from pitch fractions on the properties of pitch-based electrospun nanofibers

Mesophase pitch was separated into different pitch fractions to investigate the effect of pitch fractions on the properties of their nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. The evolution of different pitch fractions-derived nanofibers during stabilization and carbonization were explored, and the properties of the resultant carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as electrode materials for supercapacitor were compared. Results indicated that the hexane insoluble-toluene soluble (HI-TS) and toluene insoluble-tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble (TI-THFS) fractions had good spinnability due to their narrow molecular weight distribution. Moreover, compared with HI-TS and THF insoluble (THFI), TI-THFS consisted of appropriate aromaticity and branched alkyl groups which promoted the stabilization and carbonization behaviors of its nanofibers, resulting in maintaining ideal fiber morphology of TI-THFS-derived nanofiber due to the mitigation of their exothermic reactions. Meanwhile, the TI-THFS-derived CNFs presented the highest surface area of 543 m² g⁻¹ and exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 167 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ in 6 M KOH electrolyte.     

直流变换器的电流控制性能对比与数字实现

基于DSP数字控制的DC/DC变换器,其电流环路的控制一般采用平均电流模式.峰值电流控制一般由模拟芯片实现,且存在稳定问题,需要设计斜坡补偿电路.此处以Buck变换器为例,对两种电流控制进行小信号建模,并仿真对比了动态和稳态性能,结果表明峰值电流控制具有更快的动态响应速度;为了追求高动态性能,利用DSP特有的AD比较功能实现了峰值电流的数字控制,并提出和分析了一种数字斜坡补偿方法,研制的500 W样机实验验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

HG/T 3061—2009《橡胶配合剂 沉淀水合二氧化硅》修订建议

针对HG/T 3061—2009《橡胶配合剂沉淀水合二氧化硅》中二氧化硅含量和胶料拉断伸长率指标值以及在水合二氧化硅(白炭黑)胶料物理性能测试中使用标准参比白炭黑提出了一些具体的修订建议。分析认为:现行ISO 5794-1:2010在我国应用时其白炭黑的二氧化硅(灼品)质量分数指标上限偏小(0.97),适宜值为0.98;现行HG/T3061—2009的白炭黑胶料拉断伸长率的A类指标(测试值法)偏大(550%),建议调整为520%。通过代表性白炭黑生产企业对白炭黑产品的质量判定表明,白炭黑胶料物理性能的B类指标(差值法)和C类指标(比值法)测试因为采用了标准参比白炭黑,这两类指标较A类指标更科学、更合理,更具质量控制和工艺指导意义,值得大力推行。     

杜仲橡胶在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中直接添加5～15份杜仲橡胶或用杜仲橡胶等量替代天然橡胶（NR）,研究其对胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明：在胎面胶中直接添加杜仲橡胶,胶料的门尼粘度增大,门尼焦烧时间略有延长;且随着杜仲橡胶用量的增大,t₉₀略有延长,Fmax－FL呈减小趋势,硫化胶的邵尔A型硬度、100%定伸应力和300%定伸应力呈减小趋势,抗切割指数先减小后增大,拉伸强度和回弹值变化不大,拉断伸长率呈增大趋势,胶料0和25 ℃时的损耗因子（tanδ）先增大后减小,但均大于未添加杜仲橡胶的胶料,60 ℃时的tanδ变化不大;将杜仲橡胶等量替代NR,随着杜仲橡胶用量的增大,胶料的门尼粘度呈增大趋势,t₉₀基本呈延长趋势,F_max－F_L先增大后减小,硫化胶的硬度、100%定伸应力、300%定伸应力呈减小趋势,拉断伸长率、回弹值、DIN磨耗指数和抗切割指数呈增大趋势,拉伸强度变化较小,胶料0 ℃时的tanδ增大,60 ℃时的tanδ减小,表明胶料的抗湿滑性能提高,滚动阻力下降。     

计及经济性和可靠性因素的区域综合能源系统双层协同优化配置

现有的区域综合能源系统优化配置方法在可靠性约束条件下求得经济性最优,容易产生过度投资或可靠性不足等问题,限制了配置方案的可选择性和实用性.为了解决上述问题,该文基于区域综合能源系统状态转移时序性模型,以经济性和可靠性作为优化目标,建立了区域综合能源系统规划与运行相结合的双层多目标优化配置模型.上层规划模型以系统年净成本和综合缺能率最小为目标,采用NSGA-II算法求取配置方案的Pareto最优解集;下层优化运行模型将上层模型确定的配置方案转换为线性约束条件,以系统切负荷量最低和运行经济性最优为目标实现系统的优化运行,采用序贯蒙特卡洛法对运行可靠性进行量化,并将运行成本和可靠性量化值反馈至上层模型.通过某区域综合能源微网系统进行算例验证,分析了不同配置方案经济性和可靠性之间的关系,并通过给出最优解集的方式实现了多目标优化方案的可选择性.     

基于平衡实现理论的变流器并网系统降阶模型

变流器并网系统全阶模型的复杂高阶特性限制了其在理论分析中的应用,建立合适的降阶模型是简化变流器并网系统理论分析的重要途径.现有的降阶方法主要通过简化模型其他时间尺度下动态特性来得到某一时间尺度下的降阶模型,模型的精度不高.为此,该文提出一种基于平衡实现理论的变流器并网系统降阶方法,该方法通过求解Lyapunov方程得到相应的Gramian矩阵,进而获取等价的平衡系统.在此基础上根据平衡系统的Hankle奇异值大小,保留平衡系统中关键状态变量以实现系统降阶.该文以电压源型变流器(VSC)为例,基于所提降阶方法分别建立单变流器并网系统和考虑变流器间连接阻抗的多变流器并网系统降阶模型.通过Matlab/Simulink时域仿真表明,所提降阶方法可实现变流器并网系统有效和准确的降阶.     

基于合闸暂态振动信号分析的变压器绕组松动缺陷早期诊断

本文中作者为了分析变压器合闸振动信号特征,提出一种基于经验小波变换的振动信号处理方法,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性.     

单相四柱变压器铁心主磁通分布特性研究

建立了基于型号DSP-223000/500变压器1∶10铁心模型的变压器主磁通试验平台,开展仿真计算和试验研究,分析了铁心磁密工作点对单相四柱式铁心主磁通分布特性的影响.