A new approach to aid urban water management decision making using trade-off sacrifice modelled by fuzzy logic.

An approach to aid decision making for urban water management is presented that is based on the concept of trade-off sacrifice level in pairwise comparisons between criteria, modelled using fuzzy logic. This approach is illustrated by a case study - selection of alternative water supplies for a Sydney household. Four key decision making criteria covering health, economic, environment and technical aspects are selected: annual probability of infection, life cycle energy use, life cycle cost and reliability. The decision making problem is to select between cases with different volume and application of recycled greywater and rainwater in light of the four criteria. Decision maker's preference is expressed by five levels of trade-off sacrifice between pairs of criteria. The decision makers can assign their preferences for sacrifice level by linguistic assessment and the output trade-off weight (TOW). Measures of decision makers' perceived trade-off level are modelled by a rule-based fuzzy logic control system. The final analysis shows the performance for each sacrifice class for each case, to aid overall decision making with stakeholders.     

Moisture Distribution and Dewatering Efficiency for Wet Materials

This review paper summarizes current research efforts toward a comprehensive view of wet material dewatering, considering the binding energy as the strength to hold water, and rupture energy given to remove moisture from materials.     

Factors influencing magnetic polymer microspheres prepared by dispersion polymerization

Magnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) was prepared by a coprecipitation method. Core–shell composite magnetic polymer microspheres with carboxyl groups were synthesized by the dispersion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid in the presence of magnetic oxide, and dibenzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator. The synthesized magnetic polymer microspheres were characterized with X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and so forth. The results indicated that the product was single‐phase Fe₃O₄, and its average size was about 10 nm. The configuration of the microspheres, which contained carboxyl groups, was spherical, and the average size was about 2 μm. The results of vibrating sample magnetometry tests showed that the magnetic powders produced by different surfactants had different saturation magnetizations. When poly(ethylene glycol) with a weight‐average molecular weight of 4000 was used as a surfactant, the saturation magnetization of the samples reached 69.2 emu/g. The factors that affected the shape, magnetism, size, and distribution of the microspheres were also studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

TWO KINDS OF VARIANT IN SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL

In shape memory materials,that have been trained to have a two way shape memory effect(TWSM),themartensitic variants are classified into two groups,i.e.,preferentially oriented variants and self-accommodatingvariants.Applied stress may promote or constrain the transition of preferentially oriented variants and so changetransformation temperatures but has no essential effect on self-accommodating variants.According to the pointof view mentioned above,some experimental phenomena during thermocycling of a TWSM device may be ex-plained,such as the absence of synchronization between the plot of resistance change.temperature and the plotof memory strain vs.temperature.     

洪口电站水轮发电机组电气盘车与导瓦间隙调整

1概述洪口水电站位于福建省宁德市洪口乡大道头村,距宁德市城区63 km,是霍童溪干流梯级开发的第六级电站,是1座以发电为主的中型水库工程,调节库容2.404亿m3。电站装机为混流式机     

浅析电子商务中的安全问题

随着现今社会互联网、个人终端技术的飞越发展,电子商务越来越多的出现在人们的生活与工作中,这种全新的商务模式具有便捷、高效率、低成本的特点.同时,这种全新的商务模式对管理水平、信息传递技术都提出了更高的要求,其中安全的重要性尤为突出.     

提高实验室管理体系运行水平的探讨

本文从管理要求与技术要求两个方面指出了实验室管理体系运行中常见的问题,并结合实际情况提出了相应措施,最后对加强实验室管理体系运行有效性提出了几点建议。     

Effect of martensitic transformation in Ti–15 at %V β-phase particles on lamellar boundary decohesion in γ-TiAl Part II Finite element analysis of crack-bridging phenomenon

The commercial finite element package ABAQUS has been used to analyse the crack bridging process by Ti-15 at%V -phase particles dispersed in -TiAl matrix in the presence of particle–matrix decohesion. Both the particle–matrix decohesion potential and the -phase materials constitutive relations are found to have a major effect on the ductility, fracture toughness and failure mode of the – two-phase material. The interface potential is found to primarily affect the distribution of the normal interface strength ahead of the advancing interfacial crack and the mode (gradual versus sudden) of decohesion. The -phase materials constitutive relations are found to influence the location of nucleation of the interfacial cracks and, in turn, the mode of decohesion. A metastable -phase that can plastically deform at low stress levels by undergoing a stress-assisted martensitic transformation, but experience a high rate of strain hardening is found to give rise to the largest levels of ductility and fracture toughness is the – two-phase material. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Flow patterns in gas-assisted injection molding process in a channel

The flow field of a long bubble steadily expelling a viscous fluid confined by two closely located parallel plates is examined. In order to investigate the influence of bubble size on the flow field, a theoretical bubble profile is used to replace the complicated procedure for computing simultaneously the interface between the gas surface and fluid flows. The present study showed the two typical flow patterns and also a third flow pattern of the stagnation point moving in the region of the bubble tip front during transformation of the two typical flow patterns. The vorticity patterns are also drawn for various bubble profiles and are examined for their effect on the flow. The velocity field is also presented from two different viewpoints and the phenomena is examined. The stagnation point located on the center line between the bubble tip to the upstream is only found in the small range of in a channel, where λ is ratio of the bubble width to the distance between two parallel plates.