四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段致密油富集高产控制因素

基于岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、储集层荧光、油气地化特征以及测试资料分析,研究四川盆地中部侏罗系自流井组大安寨段致密油富集高产控制因素。川中侏罗系大安寨段介壳灰岩、泥质介壳灰岩以及致密灰岩均含油;不仅介壳灰岩中溶蚀孔和裂缝含油,而且致密灰岩基质孔(微裂隙和晶间孔)也均含油,呈现大面积普遍含油特征,其是油气井低产周期长的主要原因。在大面积普遍含油基础上,来自上三叠统须家河组的天然气为川中低幅度无水大安寨段致密灰岩储集层中石油运聚提供了动力,驱动致密灰岩基质孔中分散原油的运移聚集,使得高气油比井分布较多的川中西部构造石油富集程度较高,而川中东部受华蓥山大断裂的影响,断裂普遍断穿大安寨段,导致储集层中的天然气沿断裂运移到大安寨段以上地层富集或者散失,储集层缺乏天然气驱动,导致其油气富集程度不如西部。     

单脉冲雷达速度量折射误差高精度修正方法

单脉冲雷达是高精度外弹道测量系统中的一种主要测量设备之一,为了提高其测量精度,对所有测量参数都需要进行电波折射误差修正.针对目前单脉冲雷达测速参数折射误差修正精度较低的现状,在距离和角度折射误差修正基础上,提出了基于方向余弦的速度量折射误差高精度修正方法.首先根据经折射修正后的目标精确位置,利用二阶中心平滑微分方法求出目标的真实速度向量;然后再利用测站、地心的位置得到目标到雷达站、地心的方向余弦,进而求出目标与雷达站间电波射线在目标处切矢方向余弦;最后进行距离变化率的折射误差修正.实验证明,该方法比常用的直接微分方法的精度高出20％,且具有较好的实用性和有效性.     

光源光色对隧道照明效果的影响

为了研究隧道照明中光源的光色,在3种照明水平和负对比条件下,比较了5种色温的LED光源与传统照明光源高压钠灯(HPS)、金卤灯(MH)对隧道照明效果的影响。通过反应时间实验方法,分析了光源光色分别与反应时间和人眼瞳孔大小之间的变化关系。实验结果显示,在高照明水平下,高色温LED光源的视觉功效最高,光生物效应最显著;而在中间视觉照明水平下,中间色温的LED光源的视觉功效和光生物效应最显著。合理选择适用隧道照明各区段的光源应考虑光源光色对视觉功效和光生物效应的综合影响,并值得进一步研究。     

城市湖泊型湿地公园景观营建研究——以东湖国家湿地公园为例

该文以武汉市东湖国家湿地公园为研究对象,通过对东湖国家湿地公园的现状调查,结合湿地公园景观营建相关资料,分析了东湖国家湿地公园与武汉市及东湖风景区的关系,阐述了东湖国家湿地公园中景观构成要素的营建方式。在此基础上,归纳了城市湖泊型湿地公园的特性,并分别从植被、湖岸带、水环境及人工设施等方面分析探讨城市湖泊型湿地公园景观营建方法。通过对东湖国家湿地公园的景观营建分析及城市湖泊型湿地公园景观营建方法的探索,为完善东湖湿地公园建设及城市湖泊型湿地公园景观营建提供指导策略及参考。     

Accessible regions of tool orientations in multi-axis milling of blisks with a ball-end mill

Noninterference tool orientations are hard to be determined in multi-axis milling of blisks, because the integrated structure of blisks introduces more geometrical constraints. To address this problem, an original approach without interference detection is proposed to solve accessible regions of tool orientations in milling of blisks. Based on the visibility of checking surfaces, only critical points on surface profiles are searched and processed to construct the accessible regions. In this approach, the start point of each profile is sought on boundaries of the main surface with a constant step length. From this point, a new critical point is first searched along a specified direction and then adjusted iteratively until it locates on a profile. When all critical points on profiles are searched like this, the searched points on each checking surface are reordered to form one or more than one closed curve to present the accessible region related to this checking surface. These curves are then mapped onto a unit sphere and divided into nonintersecting segments. After that, a concise approach is proposed to combine accessible regions of all checking surfaces into simply connected regions. This algorithm is finally verified with two kinds of blisks and compared with a referenced method. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently solve accessible regions in multi-axis milling of blisks with an expected accuracy.     

Effects of ball milling on structural changes and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in liquid hot-water compressed carbon dioxide

Mechanical activation is an effective method for destroying the crystalline structure. Biomass, especially its hemicellulose, can be degraded in the green solvent of liquid hot-water compressed carbon dioxide. To improve the degradation of crystalline cellulose in liquid hot-water compressed carbon dioxide, pretreatment of camphorwood sawdust by mechanical activation with a stirring ball mill was studied. Ball milling parameters and their effects on structure were determined by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The influence of milling parameters on cellulose conversion can be ranked as follows: ball milling speed>activation time>the mass ratio of ball to biomass. The optimum milling condition was obtained at ball milling speed of 450 rpm and mass ratio of 30: 1 of ball to biomass for 2 h. In this condition, cellulose crystallinity of sawdust decreased from 60.93% to 21.40%. The cellulose conversion was 37.8%, which was nearly four times of raw material (10.2%). The glucose yield in the hydrolysate was 1.49 g·L^?1, which was nearly three times of that of raw material. It showed mechanical activation can destroy the crystalline structure of cellulose to promote degradation and the damage of lignocellulosic internal structure caused by ball milling is irreversible.     

铜铝异步轧制复合工艺及组织性能

采用异步轧制工艺进行了铜铝薄带的复合,并对复合带进行了退火处理,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸试验机进行了复合带组织的观察和性能的测定.结果表明,异步轧制相比同步轧制的界面波浪状形貌明显减少,界面更加平整;在相同的压下率下,异步轧制的轧制力要小于同步轧制的轧制力,使轧制的稳定性和精度得到了提高,有益于提高界面剥离强度;异步速比与复合带界面的剥离强度呈抛物线关系,异速比为1.25界面的剥离强度最大;异步速比增加,铜/铝复合带Cu/Al厚度比增加.所得结果在铜铝薄带轧制复合领域的研究有重要意义.     

用于钯催化载体的P改性高孔隙率γ-Al2O3/α-Al2O3泡沫(英文)

提出了一种新方法来制备用于钯催化剂的P-γ-Al₂O₃涂层改性的α-Al₂O₃泡沫。采用聚氨酯模板法,通过优化工艺参数,使陶瓷泡沫的显气孔率达到90.28%,体积密度达到0.45 g·cm^-3,且该泡沫具有可使用强度。将掺有P元素的γ-Al₂O₃涂层涂覆在α-Al₂O₃泡沫上,然后通过超声波辅助浸渍法来装载活性催化相(Pd)。结果表明,含P涂层增加了惰性泡沫的比表面积和弱酸性位点,同时减少了强酸性位点的占比。与无涂层的泡沫相比,改性的泡沫更容易装载活性相,且装载的金属Pd不容易被氧化,CO的催化转化温度(T₅₀,T₉₀)降低了50℃左右。该研究证明了低成本改性α-Al₂O₃陶瓷泡沫在钯催化剂生产中具有极大的应用潜力。