Sufficient Utilization of Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High-Energy Na-Ions Batteries

Na superionic conductor of Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ only containing high earth-abundance elements is regarded as one of the most promising cathodes for the applicable Na-ion batteries due to its desirable cycling stability and high safety. However, the voltage hysteresis caused by Mn²⁺ ions resided in Na⁺ vacancies has led to significant capacity loss associated with Mn reaction centers between 2.5–4.2 V. Herein, the sodium excess strategy based on charge compensation is applied to suppress the undesirable voltage hysteresis, thereby achieving sufficient utilization of the Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ redox couples. These findings indicate that the sodium excess Na_3.5MnTi_0.5Ti_0.5(PO₄)₃ cathode with Ti⁴⁺ reduction has a lowest Mn²⁺ occupation on the Na⁺ vacancies in its initial composition, which can improve the kinetics properties, finally contributing to a suppressed voltage hysteresis. Based on these findings, it is further applied the sodium excess route on a Mn-richer phosphate cathode, which enables the suppressed voltage hysteresis and more reversible capacity. Consequently, this developed Na_3.6Mn_1.15Ti_0.85(PO₄)₃ cathode achieved a high energy density over 380 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active substance mass of cathode) in full-cell configurations, which is not only superior to most of the phosphate cathodes, but also delivers more application potential than the typical oxides cathodes for Na-ion batteries.     

Incombustible Polymer Electrolyte Boosting Safety of Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries with their portability, high energy density, and reusability are frequently used in today's world. Under extreme conditions, lithium-ion batteries leak, burn, and even explode. Therefore, improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a focus of attention. Researchers believe using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one can solve the lithium battery safety issue. Due to the low price, good processability and high safety of the solid polymer electrolytes, increasing attention have been paid to them. However, polymer electrolytes can also decompose and burn under extreme conditions. Moreover, lithium dendrites are formed continuously due to the uneven charge distribution on the surface of the lithium metal anode. A short circuit caused by a lithium dendrite can cause the battery to thermal runaway. As a result, the safety of polymer solid-state batteries remains a challenge. In this review, the thermal runaway mechanism of the batteries is summarized, and the batteries abuse test standard is introduced. In addition, the recent works on the high-safety polymer electrolytes and the solution strategies of lithium anode problems in polymer batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development direction of safe polymer solid lithium batteries is prospected.     

基于STM32的航空通信总线切换器设计

ARINC429是目前最常用的一种航空通信总线,它具有简单有效,性能可靠等特性。利用ARINC429总线,飞控系统同各机载设备进行通信,但不同设备上并非都采用ARINC429接口,如卫星接收机采用RS 422总线,且飞控系统ARINC429接口有限。为解决这一问题,提出了基于STM32的航空通信总线切换器设计,方案选取了意法半导体的STM32微控制器,具有高度一体化,低功耗,处理速度快,方便调试与后续开发等优点。     

基于MSP430的动感单车测速系统设计

主要论述了MSP430F149低功耗单片机TIMER A捕获方式的工作原理、霍尔传感器的工作方式,利用MSP430F149单片机捕获方式和霍尔传感器A44E设计了动感单车的速度测量系统,同时给出了较为精确的计算方法以及程序设计过程。     

一种基于二维细化的自适应信号捕获算法

该文针对低信噪比(SNR)情况下信号捕获精度较低的问题提出一种基于伪码相位和载波频率的2维细化自适应捕获算法,该算法根据信号强度自适应调整频率步进值和捕获门限,首先对伪码相位和载波频率进行粗捕,在此基础上对捕获到的伪码相位方格和载波频率方格进行细化,再对伪码相位和载波频率进行细捕以提高捕获精度。该文对算法进行了理论分析和仿真验证,结果表明,该算法能提高捕获的伪码相位分辨率和载波频率分辨率,有效提高检测概率,适用于低信噪比和高精度要求下的信号快速捕获。     

线列TDI型红外焦平面读出电路低功耗设计

摘要：基于对具有TDI功能的红外线列读出电路工作原理的分析,通过改变电路的工作电流及工作时间进行低功耗设计,最后分别对优化前后的读出电路进行直流仿真,仿真结果显示优化后读出电路功耗较原始电路降低了49.5%,验证了低功耗设计方案的可行性。     

基于排队论的舰空导弹武器系统射击效能研究

阐述了舰空导弹的服务能力是其作战效能的重要因素之一.基于排队论,构建了舰空导弹服务概率模型,并给出了建立模型的步骤.通过想定的算例,运用此模型进行了舰空导弹武器系统的效能估算,校验了模型的合理性,解决了舰空导弹武器系统射击效能评估的问题.这种方法对舰空导弹武器系统的作战使用有一定的参考价值.     

对人工红外光照射地面目标的红外特性研究

针对目标的探测、识别、红外特性的模拟以及红外隐身技术的研究,建立了自然环境下人工红外光照射地面目标的理论模型,通过建立导热微分方程和边界条件,得到了计算人工光照时目标表面温度的方法。以某建筑物的表面为例,对采用不同光照时间、不同光照功率以及不同光照距离时目标的温度进行了仿真计算和讨论;在此基础上,对目标的红外辐射进行了计算与分析。结果表明:短时间照射时,目标红外特性改变取决于目标对光源的反射辐射;长时间照射时,取决于目标自身的辐射和对光源的反射辐射。     

病态理论在捷联惯性导航粗对准中的应用

针对捷联惯性导航系统粗对准算法中存在共线性的问题,通过分析基于重力矢量信息的双矢量定姿对准算法中系数矩阵的病态性。利用病态矩阵理论中条件数方法对该问题进行分析研究,确定对准时间对共线性问题的影响,并以实例进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,1 min后共线性问题可以忽略,可解决传统解析粗对准中的角运动干扰问题。