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41.
K Saito H Katsuragi M Mikami C Kato M Miyamaru K Nagaso 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,90(2):229-235
The herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) capsid shell has 162 capsomers arranged on a T = 16 icosahedral lattice. The major capsid protein, VP5 MW = 149,075) is the structural component of the capsomers. VP5 is an unusually large viral capsid protein and has been shown to consist of multiple domains. To study the conformation of VP5 as it is folded into capsid promoters, we identified the sequence recognized by a VP5-specific monoclonal antibody and localized the epitope on the capsid surface by cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction. The epitope of mAb 6F10 was mapped to residues 862-880 by immunoblotting experiments performed with (1) proteolytic fragments of VP5, (2) GST-fusion proteins containing VP5 domains, and (3) synthetic VP5 peptides. As visualized in a three-dimensional density map of 6F10-precipitated capsids, the antibody was found to bind at sites on the outer surface of the capsid just inside the openings of the trans-capsomeric channels. We conclude that these sites are occupied by peptide 862-880 in the mature HSV-1 capsid. 相似文献
42.
Because of the introduction of deregulation and competition in the electricity supply industry, large numbers of IPPs (Independent Power Producers) will get into the market. It has become much more important to be able to determine which generators are supplying a particular load, which generator is responsible for transmission line congestion, and what is each generator's contribution to the system losses. In this paper, we propose a way to calculate these contributions automatically. The applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated using the EAST 10 47‐bus power system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(3): 28–35, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10181 相似文献
43.
Isao Mochida Yoshihisa Sone Yang Duk Park Yozo Korai 《Journal of Materials Science》1985,20(9):3177-3183
The anisotropic development is studied of mesophase pitches prepared from modified ethylene tar (ETP) using AlCl3, of fractions separated by benzene, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and pyridine, and of mixed fractions, to find structural factors
affecting fusibility and optical anisotropy of mesophase pitch. Annealing was carried out at 360° C for 10 min. Each fraction
developed a unique optical anisotropy quite different from that of the parent mesophase pitch. The lightest fraction (soluble
in benzene) was highly fusible with small numbers of small anisotropic spheres. The heaviest fraction (insoluble in pyridine)
was infusible and exhibited a total mosaic anisotropy. In contrast, mixed fractions behaved like the parent mesophase pitch
in terms of liquid crystal behaviour. The extent of anisotropy and fusibility after annealing were strongly dependent on the
preparatory conditions of the parent mesophase pitch. The fusibility of mixed fractions is ascribed to the dissolving ability
of the fusible fraction and the solubility of the infusible fraction at the annealing temperature. Small molecules in the
lighter fractions also contribute to anisotropy when they are located in interlayer positions between the larger aromatic
molecules which constitute liquid crystals. Such co-operative properties of constituent molecules of the mesophase pitch can
be described in terms of a practical compatibility. 相似文献
44.
Yoshihisa Mano Kazuhito Ohmaki Koji Torii 《Computer Languages, Systems and Structures》1984,9(1):39-49
The authors have developed an extended intelligent terminal system MDPS with four CRT displays controlled by microprocessors and with useful programming tools in order to achieve a high-level programming environment. The system is based on the fact that reference to, comparison among, and utilization of various kinds of information are the basic but essential actions in the programming environment. Users can arrange various kinds of information spatially using simple concepts “text” and “page” of MDPS. MDPS has several advantages over conventional terminal systems. 相似文献
45.
46.
This paper discusses the preventive controls of the generator outputs to improve security in the decentralized power system. Preventive controls of the power system can improve security level. However, the preventive control requires too much computation time because of too many considerable faults in the power system. Multiarea decentralization can be considered to reduce computation time of the power flow calculation. It is assumed that the effects of disturbances in the external systems are relatively smaller than the effects of disturbances in the study area. Linearized sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the effects of the external systems to reduce computation time. Linear programming is used to determine the control signals of generators considering the incremental cost of generators. The New England 38 buses system is used as an example system to check the validity of the algorithm in this paper. The calculations of the example system show satisfactory results. 相似文献
47.
The effect of residual stresses and loading frequencies on corrosion fatigue crack growth behavior under synthetic seawater
with a free corrosion potential was examined using center-cracked tension (CCT) and single edge-cracked tension (SECT) specimens
machined from mild steel butt-welded joints and the parent material. A series of fatigue crack growth tests were carried out
with a sinusoidal loading wave form at a stress ratio of 0.05 with a loading frequency of 0.017 to 6.7 Hz. The results show
that the crack growth resistance of a weld metal in the SECT specimen is higher than that in the CCT specimen regardless of
testing conditions. The discrepancy is attributed to the differences in residual stress distribution at the crack tip in the
two specimen geometries. The crack growth rate of the weld metal in the CCT specimen in seawater increased with decreasing
loading frequency. The acceleration of the crack growth rate may be related to the occurrence of brittle striation or cleavage
due to hydrogen embrittlement. It was found that the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of a welded joint with tensile residual
stress can be predicted using the effective stress intensity factor range, which takes into account both the residual stress
and the loading frequency effects. 相似文献
48.
Haruo Yoshimura Yoshihisa Endo Shigeru Hashimoto 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(8):623-628
Terminal olefins can be converted into the corresponding sulfonates by sulfonation with SO3 followed by hydrolysis, the products are used as detergent ingredients. Although internal olefins were also expected to be
good feed stocks, it was difficult to convert them into the corresponding sulfonates with as good of a yield as that of terminal
olefins under the same synthesis conditions.
Our studies have been carried out in order to clarify the reason for poorer conversion of the internal olefins. It was found
by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study that the major components of the sulfonated intermediate of internal olefins
wereβ-sultones, the amounts of which were usually very small in sulfonated terminal olefins. A portion of theseβ-sultones was desulfonated, depending on temperature, to the original olefins and the corresponding sulfate salts during alkaline
hydrolysis. The prevention of desulfonation of theβ-sultones in the hydrolysis process was one of the most important aspects for the production of internal olefin sulfonates.
Finally, by keeping the hydrolysis temperature below 35°C, the conversion of internal olefins into sulfonates was achieved
with the same yield as that of conventional terminal olefins. 相似文献
49.
High-performance genetic analysis on microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis plastic chips fabricated by injection molding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dang F Tabata O Kurokawa M Ewis AA Zhang L Yamaoka Y Shinohara S Shinohara Y Ishikawa M Baba Y 《Analytical chemistry》2005,77(7):2140-2146
We have developed a novel technique for mass production of microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (mu-CAE) plastic chips for high-speed, high-throughput genetic analysis. The mu-CAE chips, containing 10 individual separation channels of 50-microm width, 50-microm depth, and a 100-microm lane-to-lane spacing at the detection region and a sacrificial channel network, were fabricated on a poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate by injection molding and then bonded manually using a pressure-sensitive sealing tape within several seconds at room temperature. The conditions for injection molding and bonding were carefully characterized to yield mu-CAE chips with well-defined channel and injection structures. A CCD camera equipped with an image intensifier was used to monitor simultaneously the separation in a 10-channel array with laser-induced fluorescence detection. High-performance electrophoretic separations of phiX174 HaeIII DNA restriction fragments and PCR products related to the human beta-globin gene and SP-B gene (the surfactant protein B) have been demonstrated on mu-CAE plastic chips using a methylcellulose sieving matrix in individual channels. The current work demonstrated greatly simplified the fabrication process as well as a detection scheme for mu-CAE chips and will bring the low-cost mass production and application of mu-CAE plastic chips for genetic analysis. 相似文献
50.
Yoshida N Akazawa S Karino T Ishida H Hata Y Katsuragi T Tani Y Takagi H 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2007,104(5):424-427
We found 11 genes (FAO1-11) encoding putative oxidoreductases in the Aspergillus oryzae genome, which are similar to fungal fructosyl-amino acid oxidases. The cDNAs corresponding to the genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. rFao2 had fructosyl-amino acid oxidase activity, whereas rFao1 did not show any enzyme activity, even though the deduced amino acid sequence of Fao1 is identical to that of one of the fructosyl-amino acid oxidase isozymes from Aspergillus oryzae. rFao7 and rFao8 showed oxidase activity toward sarcosine, L-pipecolate, and L-proline. rFao10 was active toward only sarcosine, of the substrates tested. The functions of the other proteins were also predicted from a phylogenetic analysis. 相似文献