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91.
M. Ellis P.R. HobsonP. Kyberd J.J. NebrenskyA. Bross J. FaganT. Fitzpatrick R. FloresR. Kubinski J. KriderR. Rucinski P. RubinovC. Tolian T.L. Hart D.M. KaplanW. Luebke B. FreemireM. Wojcik G. BarberD. Clark I. ClarkP.J. Dornan A. FishS. Greenwood R. HareA. Jamdagni V. KaseyM. Khaleeq J. LeaverK.R. Long E. McKigney T. Matsushita C. Rogers T. SashalmiP. Savage M. Takahashi A. TapperK. Yoshimura P. CookeR. Gamet H. SakamotoY. Kuno A. SatoT. Yano M. YoshidaC. MacWaters L. ConeyG. Hanson A. Klier D. ClineX. Yang D. Adey 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2011,659(1):136-153
92.
B. Chevalier M. G. Hutchins A. Maccari F. Olive H. Oversloot W. Platzer P. Polato A. Roos J. L. J. Rosenfeld T. Squire K. Yoshimura 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1998,54(1-4)
Optical transmittance and reflectance of a translucent plastic PTFE film have been measured over the solar wavelength range using different integrating spheres. The same sample has been measured with small and large spheres and the total solar transmittance has been obtained from both broad band measurements and from integration of spectral data. The fact that the sum of reflectance and transmittance often exceeds 100% shows that all types of spheres tend to overestimate the transmittance of this highly scattering sample. This error can be attributed to the sphere geometry in combination with the light scattering properties of the sample, and unless proper correction of recorded data is carried out the error may be as large as 5–10%. Some specific errors are presented and an approximate correction procedure is suggested.These results show that there is a need for a transmittance standard which can be used to calibrate integrating spheres. Such a standard with negligible thickness would be especially useful for measurements with large, broadband integrating spheres, but would also be helpful for the correct handling of data from small spectral instruments. 相似文献
93.
Gang Xu Ping Jin Masato Tazawa Kazuki Yoshimura 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2004,83(1):29-37
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) films have been proposed as energy efficient window coatings for their thermochromism, with which the solar energy transmission in the IR region may be controlled passively. These coatings suffer from low visible (or luminous) transmission (380–760 nm in wavelength), which hinders their practical uses. We here consider an antireflection (AR) coating for the VO2-based window. Optical calculation was first performed upon a basic structure for thermochromic window composed of a VO2 layer on glass with an AR layer of refractive index n and thickness d. Optimization was carried out on n and d for a maximum integrated luminous transmittance (Tlum). The calculation demonstrates that the optimal n value changes with thickness of VO2, and at n≈2.2 it gives the highest Tlum enhancement from 32% (without AR coating) to 55% for 50-nm VO2. Experiment was done on a structure of 50-nm VO2 on quartz glass using ZrO2, of which n≈2.2 matching the best n value, as AR coating. Formation of an optimized structure, ZrO2 (56 nm)/VO2 (50 nm)/quartz, was done by sputtering, and its optical properties were characterized with spectrophotometry. An improvement of Tlum from 32.3% to 50.5% was confirmed for the semiconductor phase with similarity also for the metallic one. The IR switching properties were not much deteriorated. 相似文献
94.
Masato Tazawa Kazuki Yoshimura Kazuo Igarashi Sakae Tanemura 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1997,48(1-4)
For full understanding of the optical properties of alumina ceramics which are used as a substrate of thin film c-Si solar cells, we carried out computer simulations of diffuse reflectance and measurements of angle-resolved reflectance. As the result of the computer simulations, we obtained a theoretical expression for the reflectance properties of alumina ceramics with flat surface. The expression can be applied for the measured reflectance of alumina ceramics with rough surface when an effect of surface condition was taken into account. 相似文献
95.
Ishii H. Sugiyama K. Yoshimura D. Ito E. Ouchi Y. Seki K. 《IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics》1998,4(1):24-33
The electronic structures of model interfaces of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices were investigated with UV photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). Interfaces of TTN (tetrathianaphthacene) and TCNQ (tetracyanoquinodimethane) were also studied as extreme cases for hole transport and electron transport material, respectively. For all organic/metal interfaces studied, the work function of metal electrode was changed by deposition of organic layer, i.e., the vacuum level was shifted at the interface, indicating the invalidity of the traditional energy level alignment model where a common vacuum level was assumed at organic/metal interface. At TCNQ/Au, DP-NTCI/Al, which are acceptor/metal interfaces, upward shift of the vacuum level of organic layer relative to that of metal was observed, suggesting the formation of interfacial dipole due to electron-transfer from metal to acceptor. At other organic/metal interfaces, TPD(N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-(3-methylphenyl)-1, 1'-biphenyl-4, 4'-diamine)/Au or ITO (indium tin oxide), ALq/sub 3/ (tris(8-hydroxyquinolino) aluminum)/Al, DP-NTCl(N, N'-diphenyl-1,4,5,8- naphthyltetracarboxylimide)/Al or Au, downward shift of the vacuum level was observed. Such downward shift has been also observed in our previous study for porphyrin/metal interfaces, and seems to be a trend for organic/metal interfaces at which no electron-transfer from metal to organic layer occurs. This trend suggests that the traditional model tends to underestimate (overestimate) the barrier height for hole (electron) injection. On the other hand, the vacuum level shift at ALq/sub 3//TPD interface was less than 0.1 eV, leading to an apparent applicability of the traditional model. However, it is not always the case for organic/organic interfaces: finite shift of 0.2 eV was observed at TTN/TCNQ interface due to electron-transfer from TTN to TCNQ. Possible origins of vacuum level shift at organic/metal interfaces were also discussed. 相似文献
96.
Hiroshi Abe Yusuke Imai Takefumi Goto Yukihiro Yoshimura Masami Aono Takahiro Takekiyo Hitoshi Matsumoto Takashi Arai 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2010,41(5):1137-1143
Crystal structures of room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-H2O mixtures are determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The RTIL is N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-2-methoxyethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, [DEME][BF4]. At 0.9 mol pct H2O, two kinds of superstructures occur simultaneously without a strain. Also, the volume of the unit cell is very small only
at 0.9 mol pct additives. This relates to the composite domain structure, including a twin-related one, as an elastic anomaly.
At other water concentrations, such an extraordinary behavior is not observable. By assuming a sublattice having an equivalent
lattice constant, a water network at 1 mol pct H2O is simulated using a Monte Carlo (MC) method. The network develops over the medium range in the simulation box. 相似文献
97.
98.
Uota M Hayashi Y Ohyama K Takemoto H Iriki R Kishishita T Shimoda M Yoshimura T Kawasaki H Sakai G Kijima T 《Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology》2010,10(9):5790-5795
Platinum/carbon (Pt/C) composite materials were prepared by the hydrazine reduction of H2PtCl6 confined to a mixed surfactant lytropic liquid crystal (LC)/C mixture with varying amounts of water. The reaction at relatively low water contents successfully yielded cross-linked Pt nanowires with wire-widths of 2-5 nm. The novel Pt nanostructure is believed to be from poorly hydrated hexagonal domains formed together with layered domains by the phase separation of the precursory LC mixture in the presence of carbon. Electrochemical measurements using cyclic volutammetry and membrane electrode assemblies revealed that the cross-linked nanowired Pt/C composite exhibits fairly high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction, as well as a high performance as the cathode material for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. 相似文献
99.
K. Yoshimura 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1910,19(5):253-256
Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus dem Chemischen Laboratorium der Landwirtschaftlichen Hochschule zu Morioka (Japan) 相似文献
100.