Highly ordered anodic alumina nanotemplate with about 14 nm diameter

A novel method for the fabrication of highly ordered nanopore arrays with very small diameter of 14 nm was demonstrated by using low-temperature anodization. Two-step anodization was carried out at 25 V, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.3 M, and electrolyte temperature of −15 °C. After anodization, a regular pore array with mean diameter of 14 nm and interpore distance of 65 nm was formed. The pore diameter and regular arrangement were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fast Fourier transformation (FFT), respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the diameter of pores in a highly ordered alumina template can be reduced by lowering the anodization temperature.     

Multi-site phase transfer catalyst assisted radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate using potassium peroxydisulphate as initiator – a kinetic study

In this work, the kinetics and mechanism of free-radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using potassium peroxydisulphate (PDS) as water soluble initiator in the presence of synthesized 1, 4-Bis (tributyl methyl ammonium) benzene dichloride (TBMABDC) as multi-site phase transfer catalyst (MPTC) was studied. The polymerisation reactions were carried out under inert and unstirred conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 1°C in cyclohexane/water biphase media. The role of concentrations of monomer, initiator, catalyst and volume fraction of aqueous phase, solvent polarity and temperature on the rate of polymerisation (Rp) was ascertained. The order with respect to monomer and initiator was found to be unity. The order with respect to catalyst was found to be 0.51. The rate of polymerisation is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the Rp value. Based on the results obtained, a suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed to account for the experimental observations and its significance discussed.     

Research on Marine Boiler＇s Pressurized Combustion and Heat Transfer

The effect of pressure on combustion and heat transfer is analyzed. The research is based on the basic combustion and heat transfer theorem. A correction for the heat calculation method for pressurized furnace is made on the basis of the normal pressure case. The correction takes the effect of pressurizing into account. The results show that the correction is reasonable and the method is applicable to combustion and heat transfer of the marine supercharged boiler.     

用VB解决CAI中的几个问题

本文利用Windows的API函数将VB窗体前置,避免教师在CAI过程中频繁切换活动窗口,并通过VB控件将各种不同的电子文档内容在窗体中显示出来。     

MIP-CGP工艺专用催化剂CGP-1的开发与应用

阐述了生产汽油组分满足欧Ⅲ排放标准并多产丙烯的催化裂化工艺（简称MIP-CGP）专用催化剂（简称CGP-1）的研究开发与工业应用结果。CGP-1催化剂的基质具有良好的容炭性能，使活性组元受到良好保护，其优势作用在第二反应区得以充分发挥，具有更高的氢转移活性和强的汽油小分子烯烃裂化活性。中国石化九江分公司和镇海炼化公司的MIP-CGP工业试验标定结果表明，与常规FCC相比，采用CGP-1催化剂的MIP-CGP技术在生产烯烃体积分数小于18％的汽油组分的同时，丙烯产率达到8％以上。此外，汽油诱导期大幅提高，抗爆指数增加；总液体收率有所提高，干气产率下降，焦炭选择性良好。     

Softwarekartographie

Zusammenfassung  Anwendungslandschaften in Unternehmen sind langlebige hoch-komplexe Strukturen bestehend aus hunderten bis tausenden von miteinander vernetzten betrieblichen Informationssystemen, die von Personen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Interessen und Erfahrungshintergrund konzipiert, erstellt, modifiziert, betrieben, genutzt und finanziert werden. Die Softwarekartographie zielt darauf ab, die Kommunikation zwischen diesen Personen durch zielgruppenspezifische verst?ndliche graphische Visualisierungen zu unterstützen, die Gesch?fts- und Informatik-Aspekte gleicherma?en berücksichtigen, und die speziell für langfristige und strategische Management-Betrachtungen geeignet sind. In diesem Beitrag fassen wir zun?chst die in der betrieblichen Praxis wohlbekannten Probleme beim Management von Anwendungslandschaften zusammen und diagnostizieren erhebliche Kommunikationsdefizite. Da Anwendungslandschaften als Systeme von Systemen mit Menschen als integrale Systembestandteile zu verstehen sind, werden Karten als attraktiver L?sungsansatz identifiziert und die wesentlichen Konzepte der Softwarekartographie anhand von Beispielen vorgestellt. Dabei werden Querbezüge zu anderen Fachgebieten der Informatik und Wirtschaftsinformatik hergestellt, und die bisherige Nutzung der Forschungsergebnisse in der Praxis gezeigt.     

Global Asymptotical Synchronization of Chaotic Lur'e Systems Using Sampled Data: A Linear Matrix Inequality Approach

Sampled-data feedback control for master-slave synchronization schemes that consist of identical chaotic Lur'e systems is studied. Sufficient conditions for global asymptotic synchronization of such chaotic Lur'e systems are obtained using the free-weighting matrix approach and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). With the help of the LMI solvers, the sampled-data feedback control law can easily be obtained to globally asymptotically synchronize Lur'e chaotic systems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally illustrated via numerical simulations of chaotic Chua's circuits.     

Tri-Gate Bulk MOSFET Design for CMOS Scaling to the End of the Roadmap

A tri-gate bulk MOSFET design utilizing a low-aspect-ratio channel is proposed to provide an evolutionary pathway for CMOS scaling to the end of the roadmap. 3-D device simulations indicate that this design offers the advantages of a multi-gate FET (reduced variability in performance and improved scalability) together with the advantages of a conventional planar MOSFET (low substrate cost and capability for dynamic threshold-voltage control).     

Recrystallization of phenylbutazone using supercritical fluid antisolvent process

Phenylbutazone was recrystallized from its solutions by using a supercritical fluid antisolvent process. It was dissolved in acetone and supercritical carbon dioxide was injected into the solution, thereby inducing supersaturation and particle formation. Variation in the physical properties of the recrystallized phenylbutazone was investigated as a function of the crystallizing temperature and the carbon dioxide injection rate. The recrystallized particles showed cleaner surfaces and more ordered morphology compared to the particles obtained by other methods such as solvent evaporation. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the crystallinity of the particles had been modified upon the recrystallization. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement revealed that the crystallizing temperature influenced the thermal stability of the resulting crystals. Larger crystals were produced when the carbon dioxide injection rate was reduced.     

Photochemical reduction of molecular weight and number of double bonds in natural rubber film

Natural rubber (NR) can be degraded depending on various factors such as heat, mechanical force, chemical reaction, and light. Light is a very interesting factor because it can cause the NR to degrade under low temperature and pressure. The photo-degradation of NR films was carried out to investigate the effects of the light and the temperature on the reduction of the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and the double bonds in the NR films. The NR films, with and without catalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈), were exposed to light from a mercury light bulb at 7,000 and 36,000 lux, and at the temperature of 25 °C and 80 °C for 192 hrs. After exposure, the Mw of the NR films was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Changes in the Mw were used to construct a kinetic model for the process, (1/Mw)=(1/Mw₀)+(kt/2M₀) where k is the rate constant, and M₀ is the Mw of the monomer unit. The linear relationship between 1/Mw and time suggested pseudo first-order processes with random scission. The Mw distribution information from the GPC was used to calculate the number of double bonds in the NR films. The trend of the double bonds reduction curves was quite similar to the result obtained from the calculation from the FTIR spectra. This indicated that this calculation method might possibly be another alternative way to obtain the number of double bonds in the NR.