Codes based on BCK-algebras

The notion of a BCK-valued function on a set is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Codes generated by BCK-valued functions are established.     

Optimization of Co-content in C14 Laves phase multi-component alloys for NiMH battery application

The structural, electrochemical, and gas phase hydrogen storage properties of predominantly C14 crystalline phase alloys with partial replacement by Co (up to 2.5 at%) are reported. Minor phases, including C15 and cubic TiNi, were found by X-ray diffraction and contributed to the improved hydrogen diffusion through the alloy. The optimal Co-content of between 1.0 and 1.5 at% provides easy activation, high gas phase capacity, and a high discharge capacity. An optimized alloy formula also provided the smallest metallic nickel cluster size embedded in the surface oxide and the largest number of nickel clusters. In sealed cell studies, a Co-content of 1.5% gives the best performance in formation, cycle life, and charge retention, but has worse specific power and low temperature performance than some other compositions. The high-rate dischargeabilities at lower rates were found to be limited by surface reactions, not bulk diffusion.     

Personally customizable content authoring service for Internet Protocol television subscribers

In this paper, we propose a personally customizable content authoring service (C2Channel) using an Internet Protocol television (IPTV) platform, in which a user terminal such as a PC or set‐top box sends various kinds of multimedia files from a camera or camcorder to a remotely located authoring server (C2Channel server). The C2Channel server creates personalized content in real time by combining special effects with the multimedia files transmitted from the user terminal and then retransmits them to a predefined relevant service group as a personal IPTV channel through an IPTV network provider. This content authoring service supplies an automatic multimedia editing/composition service and offers unicast, multicast, and groupcast services for a large number of interested groups via an IPTV‐based real‐time media delivery platform (Open Live IPTV Engine [OLIVE]), in which a service management server is used for user identification through the IPTV personal channel. Because this platform uses a remote server resource when authoring personally customizable content, resources remaining at the user's terminal can be variously utilized. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modus Operandi of Simultaneous Covering Synthesis from Precursor Heterogeneity for Shelled Nanorods for Multipotent Cancer Theranostics

The synthesis of nanostructures using homogeneous precursors in the solution phase is widely used to achieve uniformity and well‐defined morphological control. However, drawbacks such as the lack of diversity due to the limited reaction rate modulation exist. One‐step, core–shell nanorod formation using simultaneous covering synthesis using solid and ionic heterogeneous precursors is proposed in this study. A Te‐Bi₂Te₃/TeO₂ core–shell structure is successfully synthesized by precisely controlling various influencing factors, including concentration, temperature, and pH, and its physicochemical and photochemical properties are thoroughly investigated. The proposed nanostructure overcomes the oxidation susceptibility of Te and can be applied to multipotent cancer theranostics in vitro and in vivo in combination with computed tomography imaging.     

High‐Precision Temperature‐Controllable Metal‐Coated Polymeric Molds for Programmable,Hierarchical Patterning

Nanofabrication is an indispensable process in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Unconventional lithographic techniques are often used for fabrication as alternatives to photolithography because they are faster, more cost‐effective, and simpler to use. However, these techniques are limited in scalability and utility because of the collapse of preprinted structures during step‐and‐repeat processes. This study proposes a new class of temperature‐controllable polymeric molds that are coated with a metal such that any site‐specific patterning can be accomplished in a programmable manner using selective contact‐dewetting lithography. The lithography allows sub‐100 nm patterning, step‐and‐repeat processing, and hierarchical structure fabrication. The programmable feature of the lithography can be utilized for the structural coloring and shaping of objects. Large‐area programmable patterning, semiconductor device manufacturing, and the fabrication of iridescent security devices would benefit from the unique features of the proposed strategy.     

Protection of Digital TV from Cognitive Radio Interference

Analytic modeling and computational simulation for the protection of DTV from cognitive radio interference are performed. Protection is achieved by using the protection ratio, which is derived through system modeling and its analysis. On the frequency coordination between digital TV and cognitive radio, an analysis in a co‐channel environment, in a rural area in Korea, is performed.     

Cross-layer design of ad hoc networks for real-time video streaming

Cross-layer design breaks away from traditional network design where each layer of the protocol stack operates independently. We explore the potential synergies of exchanging information between different layers to support real-time video streaming. In this new approach information is exchanged between different layers of the protocol stack, and end-to-end performance is optimized by adapting to this information at each protocol layer. We discuss key parameters used in the cross-layer information exchange along with the associated cross-layer adaptation. Substantial performance gains through this cross-layer design are demonstrated for video streaming.     

Stable single-frequency fiber ring laser for 25-GHz ITU-T grids utilizing saturable absorber filter

A stable single-frequency fiber ring laser is proposed that operates in a single mode for more than an hour by incorporating unpumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) as a saturable absorber filter and optimizing the length of EDF used as gain medium. This laser can be continuously tuned to 25-GHz spacing that precisely matches the ITU-T grids by temperature control of etalon filter. This laser had a signal-to-source spontaneous emission ratio higher than 70 dB, and lasing frequencies of 361 channels was matched to ITU-T grids with excellent flatness. Frequency offset from the ITU-T grid was less than 0.14 GHz. The linewidth and the relative intensity noise value was less than 1.3 kHz and 130 dB/Hz (above 250 kHz), respectively.     

Use and Disuse of Contextual Primes in Dynamic News Environments

This study reexamines the news priming effects of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Suggesting an alternative approach to those used in previous studies, this study assesses individuals' use and disuse of a contextual prime (i.e., the air war) in dynamic news environments. With a short-term, quasi-experimental approach considering the air war as a prime stimulus, a path analysis suggests robust evidence of the short-term accessibility effects of priming. More importantly, as suggested in Martin's (1986) set/reset model, this study extends priming effects beyond the simple hydraulic patterns of accessibility effects. It reveals that both attitudes toward military action and attitudes toward a diplomatic solution were used in subsequent judgments of the president's job performance and handling of the war. The associations between attitudes toward a diplomatic solution and subsequent judgments were even stronger than those between attitudes toward military action and the same subsequent judgments, despite the clear prowar primes of news discourse in the air-war context. This pattern was more greatly intensified among those in the high news attention group than those in the low news attention group     

Dynamic Response Modeling of MEMS Micromirror Corner Cube Reflectors With Angular Vertical Combdrives

A model for the dynamic response of microelectromechanical-systems micromirrors with angular vertical combdrive electrostatic actuators has been proposed based on a numerical solution of the nonlinear dynamic equations for torsional oscillation. The torque generated by the electrostatic drive is assumed to depend at least on the second order of the turn angle, and the model shows a shift in the resonant frequency with drive voltage, in agreement with the experimental results obtained from components fabricated by self-assembly of bonded silicon parts. The dynamic response of a corner cube reflector (CCR) based on a pair of scanning mirrors and a fixed mirror is predicted using the model, and the theoretical response agrees well with the experimental results. From the model, a small initial misalignment of the CCR mirrors can be determined