石墨烯和硅丙乳液复合材料的制备及性能

采用化学氧化还原法和超声分散制备出石墨烯(GN),采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱和原子力显微镜对所得石墨烯进行了分析和表征。结果表明,氧化石墨烯被较好地还原为石墨烯并且成功分散为纳米级厚度;采用溶液超声共混法制备石墨烯/硅丙乳液复合材料。对复合材料成膜进行扫描电镜表征、热重分析、导电渗流测试、力学性能以及耐水、耐腐蚀性测试,发现复合材料具有较低的渗滤阈值(质量分数0.5%),石墨烯用量大于0.9%时,体积电阻率基本稳定在103Ω·cm以下,导电性有了明显提高;石墨烯的用量为0.7%时,与硅丙乳液相比,复合材料拉伸强度提高了15.5%,断裂伸长率下降了3.6%,耐水性提高了14%,失重5%时的热分解温度提高了43℃,耐腐蚀性能也得到了极大提高。     

Micromechanical models for saturated concrete repaired by the electrochemical deposition method

Cracks significantly deteriorate the in situ performance of concrete members and structures, particularly tunnel structures embedded in saturated soft soils. To investigate the mechanical mechanism of the electrochemical deposition method (EDM), which is a newly developed healing method for cracked concrete under an aqueous environment, micromechanical models are proposed based on the saturated concrete microstructure and the EDM’s healing mechanism. In this framework, two types of homogenization methods are presented to predict the effective properties of concrete repaired by the EDM, which analytically illustrate the deposition healing process by micromechanics. The micromechanical models consider the volume fractions of water and deposition products, the water effects (including further hydration and viscosity in pores), and the shapes of the pores in the concrete. Furthermore, the proposed micromechanical models are compared with available experimental results, extreme states during the EDM’s healing process, and the Voigt upper bound and the Reuss lower bound, thus illustrating the feasibility and capability of the proposed micromechanical models. Finally, the influences of the deposition product properties on the healing effectiveness of the EDM are investigated based on the proposed micromechanical framework.     

Nanodomain Swelling Block Copolymer Lithography for Morphology Tunable Metal Nanopatterning

Ordered metal nanopatterns are crucial requirements for electronics, magnetics, catalysts, photonics, and so on. Despite considerable progress in the synthetic route to metal nanostructures, highly ordered metal nanopatterning over a large‐area is still challenging. Nanodomain swelling block copolymer lithography is presented as a general route to the systematic morphology tuning of metal nanopatterns from amphiphilic diblock copolymer self‐assembly. Selective swelling of hydrophilic nanocylinder domains in amphiphilic block copolymer films during metal precursor loading and subsequent oxygen based etching generates diverse shapes of metal nanopatterns, including hexagonal nanoring array and hexagonal nanomesh and double line array in addition to common nanodot and nanowire arrays. Solvent annealing condition of block copolymer templates, selective swelling of hydrophilic cylinder nanodomains, block copolymer template thickness, and oxygen based etching methods are the decisive parameters for systematic morphology evolution. The plasmonic properties of ordered Au nanopatterns are characterized and analyzed with finite differential time domain calculation. This approach offers unprecedented opportunity for diverse metal nanopatterns from commonly used diblock copolymer self‐assembly.     

Laser Heating Tunability by Off‐Resonant Irradiation of Gold Nanoparticles

Temperature changes in the vicinity of a single absorptive nanostructure caused by local heating have strong implications in technologies such as integrated electronics or biomedicine. Herein, the temperature changes in the vicinity of a single optically trapped spherical Au nanoparticle encapsulated in a thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) shell (Au@pNIPAM) are studied in detail. Individual beads are trapped in a counter‐propagating optical tweezers setup at various laser powers, which allows the overall particle size to be tuned through the phase transition of the thermo‐responsive shell. The experimentally obtained sizes measured at different irradiation powers are compared with average size values obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) from an ensemble of beads at different temperatures. The size range and the tendency to shrink upon increasing the laser power in the optical trap or by increasing the temperature for DLS agree with reasonable accuracy for both approaches. Discrepancies are evaluated by means of simple models accounting for variations in the thermal conductivity of the polymer, the viscosity of the aqueous solution and the absorption cross section of the coated Au nanoparticle. These results show that these parameters must be taken into account when considering local laser heating experiments in aqueous solution at the nanoscale. Analysis of the stability of the Au@pNIPAM particles in the trap is also theoretically carried out for different particle sizes.     

亲水性固结磨料研磨垫自修整过程的实现探索

亲水性固结磨料研磨垫(FAP)的自修整过程影响着其加工性能的稳定性.采用亲水性树脂和铜粉制备固结磨料研磨垫,研究研磨液中添加不同含量三乙醇胺对树脂基体砂浆磨损率及研磨垫材料去除率大小、稳定性的影响,以此来判断研磨垫的自修整性能,探索亲水性固结磨料研磨垫自修整的实现机理.结果表明:在本文实验所考察范围内,随着研磨液中三乙醇胺含量的增加,树脂基体的砂浆磨损率升高,当三乙醇胺体积比从0升至5%时,砂浆磨损率从0.003 3 g上升至0.009 1 g;研磨液中三乙醇胺浓度的提高有助于其材料去除率的稳定,当三乙醇胺体积比从0升至5.0%时,材料去除率的稳定性从11%提升至42.9%.可见,研磨液中加入三乙醇胺可以改善含铜粉亲水性固结磨料研磨垫的自修整性能.     

MTBE催化反应精馏塔工艺操作条件的优化研究

探讨影响MTBE催化精馏过程的因素,分析操作过程中压力、回流比、醇烯比等对实际操作的影响。在实际操作中,合理调整压力、醇烯比、回流比等,对稳定操作、提高异丁烯转化率、提高MTBE质量具有一定的指导意义。     

3D Printed Anatomical Nerve Regeneration Pathways

A 3D printing methodology for the design, optimization, and fabrication of a custom nerve repair technology for the regeneration of complex peripheral nerve injuries containing bifurcating sensory and motor nerve pathways is introduced. The custom scaffolds are deterministically fabricated via a microextrusion printing principle using 3D models, which are reverse engineered from patient anatomies by 3D scanning. The bifurcating pathways are augmented with 3D printed biomimetic physical cues (microgrooves) and path‐specific biochemical cues (spatially controlled multicomponent gradients). In vitro studies reveal that 3D printed physical and biochemical cues provide axonal guidance and chemotractant/chemokinetic functionality. In vivo studies examining the regeneration of bifurcated injuries across a 10 mm complex nerve gap in rats showed that the 3D printed scaffolds achieved successful regeneration of complex nerve injuries, resulting in enhanced functional return of the regenerated nerve. This approach suggests the potential of 3D printing toward advancing tissue regeneration in terms of: (1) the customization of scaffold geometries to match inherent tissue anatomies; (2) the integration of biomanufacturing approaches with computational modeling for design, analysis, and optimization; and (3) the enhancement of device properties with spatially controlled physical and biochemical functionalities, all enabled by the same 3D printing process.