Radiation of millimeter waves from NRD leaky wave antennas withtapered transition and tuning aperture

The radiation of millimeter waves from the nonradiative dielectric (NRD) leaky wave antennas with the tapered transition and the tuning aperture is investigated. An accurate theory for the leakage constant and the phase constant of the antennas is presented, which is based on the generalized scattering parameters considering the higher-order mode interactions at the discontinuities. The associated transverse equivalent network involves the characterization of the mode couplings at two air-to-dielectric interfaces, the coupled mode analysis of the tapered transition, and the calculation of the radiation fields at the tuning aperture via the extended spectral domain approach. The interesting behavior of the present modified configuration of NRD leaky wave antennas is illustrated by typical examples. The validity of the theory is confirmed by the comparison of the theoretical results with experimental data for the limiting cases     

Response of simulated propellant and explosives to projectile impact—II. Fragmentation

This paper is the second of a series concerned with the penetration and perforation phenomena in two types of propellant and explosive simulant, named Propergol, due to the impact at normal incidence of both blunt and conically-tipped steel strikers. The collision results in fragmentation, plug formation and generation of a cloud of debris that includes particles of measurable dimensions traveling with significant velocities. Both the fragment size and area as well as the ejecta mass are determined experimentally as a function of Propergol specimen thickness and impact velocity or energy. The cumulative number of fragments as a function of size for the Propergol is uniformly found to be a bi-linear semi-logarithmic relationship with the bifurcation occurring at the mean crystal radius. Individual crystals and the crater generated are examined by means of a scanning electron microscope.

A phenomenological model of the fragmentation process is constructed, based on an assumed spherical shape of the fragments and the bi-linear fragment distribution, using energy methods. This is combined with a perforation analysis that considers the process to be sequentially composed of initial indentation, fragmentation, and sliding and deflection of the Propergol disks. An evaluation of this model providing fragment volumes as a function of impact velocity is compared with experimental results and found to be in good agreement.     

Network model approach for calculating oscillating frequency of thermoacoustic prime mover

The network model is given and used to calculate the oscillating frequency of thermoacoustic prime mover. Theoretically calculated frequency by the model is plural, whose real part denotes actual frequency of the system, and imaginary part means attenuation coefficient of acoustic pressure. Numerical calculation is made under different conditions including different acoustic cavities, spacing between each parallel plate, gas pressures and system lengths. Theoretically calculated frequency and experimentally measured frequency are in quite good agreement.     

结构化P2P网络中基于流言传播的负载均衡

提出了结构化P2P网络中利用结点间周期性的拓扑维护通信来夹带、传播消息进行负载均衡的方法，具体针对Chord系统从消息传播的速度和规模两个方面分析了该方法的性能，并利用仿真进行了验证。讨论了结论在其它形式网络中的推广和实现中的消息管理问题。     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semi-anechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods .     

艰难兴大业踏雪寻梅来——访香港著名企业家沈家燊

序：“为什么我的眼里常含泪水，因为我对这土地爱的深沉。”每次读到艾青的这句诗，我都攀不住在想诗人到底有着怎样的情节．而这情节又是怎棒化成澎湃的激情？当面对沈家柴先生那闪烁着光芒，自信、执着、激情四射的眼神时，我缝于找到了答案：正是对一个国家、一座城市拥有了不移信念、不倦热情、不衰挚爱，他才有了面对错综复杂矛盾时的坦荡胸怀，才会有了风雨兼程的无怨无悔。沈家集为这句诗做出了最生动的逄释，他以自己的方式在津洁大地上刻写着人生的价值，他将心和力奉献给了天津。     

Effect of storage temperature on phenolics stability in hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major) fruits and a hawthorn drink

The stability of five major phenolics, namely (−)-epicatechin (EC), procyanidin B₂ (PC-B₂), chlorogenic acid (ChA), hyperoside (HP) and isoquercitrin (IQ), in hawthorn fruits and a canned hawthorn drink were evaluated during 6 months of storage in the dark at three different temperatures (4, 23 and 40 °C). HPLC with a diode-array detector was used to determine the contents of the individual compounds. The results showed that the studied phenolics in the hawthorn fruits and the drink were both stable at 4 °C and relatively unstable at 23 and 40 °C with varied extents of degradation. At room temperature (23 °C), marked degradations of EC and PC-B₂ were observed in both the fruits and the drink with around 50% and 30% decrease after a 6-month storage, respectively. A more significant decrease of the phenolics was observed at 40 °C, especially for EC and PC-B₂, which were almost completely degraded after a 6-month storage. HP, IQ and ChA were relatively stable at 23 °C, but unstable at 40 °C. Therefore, low-temperature storage is recommended for maintaining the quality and efficacy of hawthorn fruits and its preparations.     

A Shortcut Method for Estimating the HETP of Structured Packed Distillation Columns at Elevated Pressure

A shortcut model is developed for predicting the HETP of a structured packed distillation column operating at elevated pressure. The proposed model incorporates the geometrical parameters of the packing, physical properties of the vapor and liquid phases, and the hydrodynamics of the two‐phase flow. The proposed model is tested and validated by comparing the predicted results with the present experimental data and some published HETP data. The results show that the proposed model can predict the experimental data with a deviation smaller than 20 %.     

Evaluation of accuracy of measuring intraocular pressure by handheld non-contact applanation tonometer

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of measuring intraocular pressure by handheld non-contact applanation tonometer. METHOD: 58 patients' (113 eyes) intraocular pressure were measured by Keeler, non-contact tonometer and R 900 Goldmann applanation tonometer and the results of measurement of intraocular pressure by the two kinds of tonometers were compared. RESULT: The mean intraocular pressure measured by non-contact is 16.31 +/- 5.59 mmHg and 17.49 +/- 6.13 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.1333 kPa) by Goldmann applanation tonometer, respectively. There was no statistical significance to be found (P > 0.05) between the two methods. By linear correlation and regression analysis, a positive correlation was found between the two methods (r = 0.8942, b = 0.8154). CONCLUSION: The handheld non-contact tonometer has the same accuracy and reliability of measurement of intraocular pressure comparing with Goldmann applanation tonometer, and it can be used in glaucoma clinic and screening.