5G网络演进与双模5G基站

2020年5G网络将大规模商用,为更高效部署5G网络,在全面梳理5G网络架构与演进的基础上,重点研究了双模5G基站的原理,并结合外场测试数据,对双模5G基站的测试性能进行了分析,最后对后续电信运营商部署5G网络进行了建议。     

流沙湾海水养殖珍珠微观结构及形成机制研究

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM),研究流沙湾海水珍珠珍珠质层和棱柱层的微尺度生长结构,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对珍珠质层及棱柱层的成分组成进行分析.结果表明:构成海水珍珠珍珠层的珍珠质层,棱柱层和过渡层的微结构和组成是有所不同的,珍珠质层主要为文石型碳酸钙,纳米文石微晶颗粒与有机质颗粒交织形成文石板片,棱柱层中存在方解石和文石两种晶型的碳酸钙,过渡层是由有机质和少量的碳酸钙共同组成;通过对珍珠层结构和成分的研究,初步推断出其生长模式分三个阶段:(1)珠母贝从海水环境中富集钙离子,并分泌有机质诱导碳酸钙成核结晶,二者共同生长形成棱柱层;(2)棱柱层生长到一定阶段,晶体生长的同时珠母贝分泌的有机质发生变化形成一层有机质过渡层,调控碳酸钙的生长;(3)在有机质层上初始成核的纳米文石微晶颗粒与有机质颗粒交织堆砌生长,形成文石板片,文石板片层层堆叠形成结构致密排列有序的珍珠质层.     

一种低轨道卫星传输链路干扰仿真分析方法

全球范围内低轨道小卫星数量越来越多,已被世界各国广泛用于通信、遥感、导航等各领域.国际电联对非静止轨道卫星的协调要求日益收紧,对在轨卫星的干扰冲突评估越发务实.本文针对上述现实情况,提出了一种低轨道卫星传输链路干扰仿真分析方法,分别从频域、空间、时间、能量四个层面逐级评估链路影响,为开展国际卫星网络协调提供了切实可行的量化方法.     

基于偏振测量的粗糙表面参数反演方法

材料的复折射率是计算偏振度时不可缺少的物理参数。由于直接测量复折射率较为困难,在现有的粗糙表面偏振双向反射分布函数（polarized Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function,pBRDF）的基础上,推导了材料的偏振反射率表达式,提出了入射光线为线性偏振时材料表面参数的反演方法,提高了复折射率计算的适用性。反演结果与文献中参考值的对比表明,该反演方法具有较高的可靠性。     

Self‐Hydrophobization in a Dynamic Hydrogel for Creating Nonspecific Repeatable Underwater Adhesion

Adhesive hydrogels are widely applied for biological and medical purposes; however, they are generally unable to adhere to tissues under wet/underwater conditions. Herein, described is a class of novel dynamic hydrogels that shows repeatable and long‐term stable underwater adhesion to various substrates including wet biological tissues. The hydrogels have Fe³⁺‐induced hydrophobic surfaces, which are dynamic and can undergo a self‐hydrophobization process to achieve strong underwater adhesion to a diverse range of dried/wet substrates without the need for additional processes or reagents. It is also demonstrated that the hydrogels can directly adhere to biological tissues in the presence of under sweat, blood, or body fluid exposure, and that the adhesion is compatible with in vivo dynamic movements. This study provides a novel strategy for fabricating underwater adhesive hydrogels for many applications, such as soft robots, wearable devices, tissue adhesives, and wound dressings.     

Manganese‐Based Functional Nanoplatforms: Nanosynthetic Construction,Physiochemical Property,and Theranostic Applicability

Transition metal‐based nanoparticles have shown their broad applications in versatile biomedical applications. Although traditional iron‐based nanoparticles have been extensively explored in biomedicine, transition metal manganese (Mn)‐based nanoparticulate systems have emerged as a multifunctional nanoplatform with their intrinsic physiochemical property and biological effect for satisfying the strict biomedical requirements. This comprehensive review focuses on recent progress of Mn‐based functional nanoplatforms in biomedicine with the particular discussion on their elaborate construction, physiochemical property, and theranostic applicability. Several Mn‐based nanosystems are discussed in detail, including solid/hollow MnO_x nanoparticles, 2D MnO_x nanosheets, MnO_x‐silica/mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MnO_x‐Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, MnO_x‐Au, MnO_x‐fluorescent nanoparticles, Mn‐based organic composite nanosystem, and some specific/unique Mn‐based nanocomposites. Their versatile biomedical applications include pH/reducing‐responsive T₁‐weighted positive magnetic resonance imaging, controlled drug loading/delivery/release, protection of neurological disorder, photothermal hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, alleviation of tumor hypoxia, immunotherapy, and some specific synergistic therapies, which are based on their disintegration behavior under the mildly acidic/reducing condition, multiple enzyme‐mimicking activity, catalytic‐triggering Fenton reaction, etc. The biological effects and biocompatibility of these Mn‐based nanosystems are also discussed, accompanied with a discussion on challenges/critical issues and an outlook on the future developments and clinical‐translation potentials of these intriguing Mn‐based functional nanoplatforms.     

Synergistic Coassembly of Highly Wettable and Uniform Hole‐Extraction Monolayers for Scaling‐up Perovskite Solar Cells

All organic charge‐transporting layer (CTL)‐featured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit distinct advantages, but their scaling‐up remains a great challenge because the organic CTLs underneath the perovskite are too thin to achieve large‐area homogeneous layers by spin‐coating, and their hydrophobic nature further hinders the solution‐based fabrication of perovskite layer. Here, an unprecedented anchoring‐based coassembly (ACA) strategy is reported that involves a synergistic coadsorption of a hydrophilic ammonium salt CA‐Br with hole‐transporting triphenylamine derivatives to acquire scalable and wettable organic hole‐extraction monolayers for p–i–n structured PSCs. The ACA route not only enables ultrathin organic CTLs with high uniformity but also eliminates the nonwetting problem to facilitate large‐area perovskite films with 100% coverage. Moreover, incorporation of CA‐Br in the ACA strategy can distinctly guarantee a high quality of electronic connection via the cations' vacancy passivation. Consequently, a high power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 17.49% is achieved for p–i–n structured PSCs (1.02 cm²), and a module with an aperture area of 36 cm² shows PCE of 12.67%, one of the best scaling‐up results among all‐organic CTL‐based PSCs. This work demonstrates that the ACA strategy can be a promising route to large‐area uniform interfacial layers as well as scaling‐up of perovskite solar cells.     

2D/2D 1T‐MoS2/Ti3C2 MXene Heterostructure with Excellent Supercapacitor Performance

2D/2D heterostructures can combine the collective advantages of each 2D material and even show improved properties from synergistic effects. 2D Transition metal carbide Ti₃C₂ MXene and 2D 1T‐MoS₂ have emerged as attractive prototypes in electrochemistry due to their rich properties. Construction of these two 2D materials, as well as investigation about synergistic effects, is absent due to the instability of 1T‐MoS₂. Here, 3D interconnected networks of 1T‐MoS₂/Ti₃C₂ MXene heterostructure are constructed by magneto‐hydrothermal synthesis, and the electrochemical storage mechanisms are investigated. Improved extra capacitance is observed due to enlarged ion storage space from a synergistically interplayed effect in 3D interconnected networks. Outstanding rate performance is realized because of ultrafast electron transport originating from Ti₃C₂ MXene. This work provides an archetype to realize excellent electrochemical properties in 2D/2D heterostructures.     

A Multifunctional Blue‐Emitting Material Designed via Tuning Distribution of Hybridized Excited‐State for High‐Performance Blue and Host‐Sensitized OLEDs

Actualizing full singlet exciton yield via a reverse intersystem crossing from the high‐lying triplet state to singlet state, namely, “hot exciton” mechanism, holds great potential for high‐performance fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, incorporating comprehensive insights into the mechanism and effective molecular design strategies still remains challenging. Herein, three blue emitters (CNNPI, 2TriPE‐CNNPI, and 2CzPh‐CNNPI) with a distinct local excited (LE) state and charge‐transfer (CT) state distributions in excited states are designed and synthesized. They show prominent hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) states and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement properties. The “hot exciton” mechanism based on these emitters reveals that a balanced LE/CT distribution can simultaneously boost photoluminescence efficiency and exciton utilization. In particular, a nearly 100% exciton utilization is achieved in the electroluminescence (EL) process of 2CzPh‐CNNPI. Moreover, employing 2CzPh‐CNNPI as the emitter, emissive dopant, and sensitizing host, respectively, the EL performances of the corresponding nondoped pure‐blue, doped deep‐blue, and HLCT‐sensitized fluorescent OLEDs are among the most efficient OLEDs with a “hot exciton” mechanism to date. These results could shed light on the design principles for “hot exciton” materials and inspire the development of next‐generation high‐performance OLEDs.     

Thermally Controlled,Active Imperceptible Artificial Skin in Visible‐to‐Infrared Range

Cephalopods’ extraordinary ability to hide into any background has inspired researchers to reproduce the intriguing ability to readily camouflage in the infrared (IR) and visible spectrum but this still remains as a conundrum. In this study, a multispectral imperceptible skin that enables human skin to actively blend into the background both in the IR‐visible integrated spectrum only by simple temperature control with a flexible bi‐functional device (active cooling and heating) is developed. The thermochromic layer on the outer surface of the device, which produces various colors based on device surface temperature, expands the cloaking range to the visible spectrum (thus visible‐to‐IR) and ultimately completes day‐and‐night stealth platform simply by controlling device temperature. In addition, the scalable pixelization of the device allows localized control of each autonomous pixel, enabling the artificial skin surface to adapt to the background of the sophisticated pattern with higher resolution and eventually heightening the level of imperceptibility. As this proof‐of‐concept can be directly worn and conceals the human skin in multispectral ranges, the work is expected to contribute to the development of next‐generation soft covert military wearables and perhaps a multispectral cloak that belongs to cephalopods or futuristic camouflage gadgets in the movies.