Phase Assemblages of Pr α-sialon Derived from SHS-ed Powders and TEM Study on the Nucleation of Pr α-sialon

The Pr α-sialon powders prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), consisting of 55 wt% Pr α-sialon and 45 wt% of β-sialon (abbreviated as α' and β'), were hot-pressed at 1800°C for 1 h. The results showed that Pr α' phase would transfer to β' with the appearance of JEM phase (Pr(Si_{6− z} Al _z )(N_{10− z} O _z )) after sintering, thus resulting in the increase of β' phase to 86 wt%. The addition of Y₂O₃ into SHS-ed Pr α' powders as the starting materials restrains the transformation of α' to β' and prevents the formation of JEM phase as well. The nucleation mechanism of Pr α' grain during hot-pressing was investigated in terms of transmission electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis. Two nucleation modes of Pr α' grains were found, i.e., nucleating on the undissolved Pr α' grains and on the nuclei of (Pr, Y) α' grains precipitated from liquid phase.     

Ink‐eliminated waste paper sludge flour‐filled polypropylene composites with different coupling agent treatments

Ink‐eliminated sludge flour (IESF), waste residue from the recycling treatments of waste paper, was utilized as a new kind of filler to reinforce polypropylene (PP) in this research work. Different coupling agents, including maleated anhydride grafted PP (MAPP), stearic acid (SA), and titanate (NDZ‐101), were used to increase the compatibility between IESF and PP. By using different measurements, the microstructure, morphology, thermal behaviors, and mechanical properties of the IESF/PP composites were investigated in detail. It was found that IESF, as a nucleation agent, not only induced the crystallization orientation of PP but also accelerate the crystallization rate of PP. Just as indicated in the experiments, the presence of IESF has shown the advantages of increasing the dimensional stability, the hardness and the flexural property, and the presence of coupling agents has a favorable effect on the improvement of dimensional stability. Moreover, the coupling agent has minor influence on the mechanical property, even causes some decrease in the impact strength. Among these three coupling agents, MAPP is found to be the best coupling agent for increasing the interfacial adhesion between IESF and PP, and the MAPP addition makes the PP composite possess the quickest crystallization rate and greatest tensile strength. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 513–520, 2003     

AgBiVMo oxide catalytic membrane for selective oxidation of propane to acrolein

A metal ions (Ag, Bi, V, Mo) modified sol–gel method was used to prepare a mesoporous Ag_0.01Bi_0.85V_0.54Mo_0.45O₄ catalytic membrane which was used in the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein. By optimizing the preparation parameters, a thin and perfect catalytically active membrane was successfully prepared. SEM results showed that the membrane thickness is 5 μm. XRD results revealed that Ag_0.01Bi_0.85V_0.54Mo_0.45O₄ with a Scheelite structure, which is catalytically active for the selective oxidation of propane to acrolein, was formed in the catalytic membrane only when AgBiVMoO concentrations were higher than 40%. Catalytic reaction results demonstrated that the selective oxidation of propane could be controlled to a certain degree, such as to acrolein, in the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) compared to the fixed bed reactor (FBR). For example, a selectivity of 54.85% for acrolein in the liquid phase was obtained in the CMR, while only 8.31% was achieved in the FBR.     

Morphologies-Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Bismuth Tungstate Nanocrystals by a Low-Temperature Molten Salt Method

Well-crystallized bismuth tungstate (Bi₂WO₆) powders with different morphologies were successfully synthesized via a low-temperature molten salt method. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis, respectively. It was found that the variation of morphology of the obtained Bi₂WO₆ powder mainly depends on the different reaction temperatures and the weight ratio of LiNO₃–NaNO₃ salt to precursor. In addition, the UV-Visible absorption spectra showed that the synthesized powders had strong light absorption properties not only in the ultraviolet light but also in the visible light region.     

云计算背景下软件企业创新的趋势

云计算是一种基于互联网的计算方式,通过这种方式,共享的软硬件资源和信息可以按需提供给计算机和其他设备,该技术是一种近些年来发展的新兴科技,同时在一定的程度之上遍布于软件企业的各个领域之中,引导着当前软件企业发展的方向.基于此,本文探讨了云计算背景之下软件企业创新的趋势.     

Shape‐memory polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube fibers

Shape‐memory polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube (SMP–MWNT) composites with various multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) contents were synthesized, and the corresponding SMP–MWNT fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The influence of the MWNT content on the spinnability, fracture morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, and shape‐memory behavior of the shape‐memory polymer was studied. The spinning ability of SMP–MWNTs decreased significantly with increasing MWNT content. When the MWNT content reached 8.0 wt %, the fibers could not be produced because of the poor rheological properties of the composites. The melt‐blending, extrusion, and melt‐spinning processes for the shape‐memory fiber (SMF), particularly at low MWNT contents, caused the nanotubes to distribute homogeneously and preferentially align along the drawing direction of the SMF. The crystallization in the SMF was promoted at low MWNT contents because it acted as a nucleation agent. At high MWNT contents, however, the crystallization was hindered because the movement of the polyurethane chains was restricted. The homogeneously distributed and aligned MWNTs preserved the SMF with high tenacity and initial modulus. The recovery ratio and recovery force were also improved because the MWNTs helped to store the internal elastic energy during stretching and fixing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

试论科技发展中的伦理向度

对于科技发展带来的一些消极影响,有人认为伦理的干预是无济于事的,甚至最终会影响科技本身的发展。但是,现实中科技与社会发展之间的密切关系表明,对科技的发展给予伦理导向是社会发展的必然走向。把科学发展观作为科技发展的伦理向度,能够实现科技发展和社会进步两者的双赢。     

语境在语言理解中的作用

语境在语言理解中起着重要作用,是语言交际的基础。结合具体例子,分析了语境在语言理解中具有消除歧义、转变语义、补充语言省略意义、帮助理解言外之意的作用。指出只有正确地把握语境,才能深入理解语言的真正含义。