Wide gamut LCD using locally dimmable four‐primary‐color LED backlight

This paper proposes a wide gamut LCD using locally dimmable four‐primary‐color (4PC) LED backlight. Although the color gamut of LCDs has been improved in recent years, it is insufficient to reproduce all the colors in the real world. The objective of this paper is to propose a wide gamut LCD that reproduces all the colors in the real world while keeping the cost increases to a minimum. We evaluated the color gamut reproduced by LEDs of multiple primary colors and selected cyan as the optimal color to be added to the three primary colors to reproduce all the colors in the real world. Therefore, we designed an LED backlight consisting of an additional only‐cyan LED with three‐primary‐color LEDs and developed a prototype LCD with 4PC LED backlight. Furthermore, we developed a local dimming algorithm for the 4PC LED backlight. As a result, we confirmed that the prototype LCD with the 4PC LED backlight is able to cover almost all the colors in the real world and also able to display natural images with highly saturated colors by local dimming.     

Absorption of chlorine into aqueous sodium carbonate solutions and desorption of carbon dioxide

The absorption of pure chlorine into aqueous sodium carbonate solutions accompanied by the desorption of carbon dioxide was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The absorption rates of chlorine and the desorption rates of carbon dioxide were measured at 25°C using a baffled agitated vessel operated batchwise. The experimental results were analyzed with the chemical absorption theory based on the Lévěque model. The measured absorption and desorption rates were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

Combination of bottleneck feature extraction and dereverberation for distant-talking speech recognition

The performance of speech recognition in distant-talking environments is severely degraded by the reverberation that can occur in enclosed spaces (e.g., meeting rooms). To mitigate this degradation, dereverberation techniques such as network structure-based denoising autoencoders and multi-step linear prediction are used to improve the recognition accuracy of reverberant speech. Regardless of the reverberant conditions, a novel discriminative bottleneck feature extraction approach has been demonstrated to be effective for speech recognition under a range of conditions. As bottleneck feature extraction is not primarily designed for dereverberation, we are interested in whether it can compensate for other carefully designed dereverberation approaches. In this paper, we propose three schemes covering both front-end processing (cascaded combination and parallel combination) and back-end processing (system combination). Each of these schemes integrates bottleneck feature extraction with dereverberation. The effectiveness of these schemes is evaluated via a series of experiments using the REVERB challenge dataset.     

Self-generation of reward by logarithmic transformation of multiple sensor evaluations

Artificial Life and Robotics - Although the design of the reward function in reinforcement learning is important, it is difficult to design a system that can adapt to a variety of environments and...     

Revolving Vernier Mechanism Controls Size of Linear Homomultimer

A new kind of the Vernier mechanism that is able to control the size of linear assembly of DNA origami nanostructures is proposed. The mechanism is realized by mechanical design of DNA origami, which consists of a hollow cylinder and a rotatable shaft in it connected through the same scaffold. This nanostructure stacks with each other by the shape complementarity at its top and bottom surfaces of the cylinder, while the number of stacking is limited by twisting angle of the shaft. Experiments have shown that the size distribution of multimeric assembly of the origami depends on the twisting angle of the shaft; the average lengths of the multimer are decamer, hexamer, and tetramer for 0°, 10°, and 20° twist, respectively. In summary, it is possible to affect the number of polymerization by adjusting the precise shape and movability of a molecular structure.     

Optical implementation of visible gray-image morphology with the visual-area-coding technique

We present a novel scheme of visible gray-image morphology with the visual-area-coding technique (VACT). The VACT is a technique of digitized analog-optical computing in which data are converted into visible coded patterns and processed with the visible form. Because the achievable operations in the VACT are identical to those of mathematical morphology, mathematical morphology is adapted to gray-image morphology with the VACT. Computer simulation and optical experiments of the several operations in mathematical morphology verify the correctness of the proposed technique. The processing capacity of the proposed method is estimated in terms of the space-bandwidth product.     

Hypothesis testing in rank-size rule regression

This note examines testing methods for Paretoness in the framework of rank-size rule regression. Rank-size rule regression describes a relationship found in the analysis of various topics such as city population, words in texts, scale of companies and so on. In terms of city population, it is basically an empirical rule that log?(_S(i))$\log ?(S_{(i)})$ is approximately a linear function of log?(i)$\log ?(i)$ where _S(i)$S_{(i)}$ is the number of population of i  th largest city in a country. This is closely related to the so-called Zipf’s law. It is known that this kind of empirical observation is found when the city population is a random variable following a Pareto distribution. Thus one may be willing to test if city size has a Pareto distribution or not. Rosen and Resnick [K.T. Rosen, M. Resnick, The size distribution of cities: an explanation of the Pareto law and primacy, Journal of Urban Economics 8 (1980), 165–186] and Soo [K.T. Soo, Zipf’s law for cities: a cross country investigation, Regional Science and Urban Economics (35) 2005, 239–263] regress log?(_S(i))$\log ?(S_{(i)})$ on log?(i)$\log ?(i)$ and log?²(i)${\log ?}^2(i)$ and test the null of Paretoness by standard t-test for the latter regressor. It is found that t-statistics take large values and the Paretoness is rejected in many countries. We study the statistical properties of the t-statistic and show that it explodes asymptotically, in fact, by simulation and thus the t-test does not provide a reasonable testing procedure. We propose an alternative test statistic which seems to be asymptotically normally distributed. We also propose a test with the null hypothesis that the city size distribution is Pareto with exponent unity, which is a modification of the F-test.     

The generic viewpoint assumption and planar bias

We show that generic viewpoint and lighting assumptions resolve standard visual ambiguities by biasing toward planar surfaces. Our model uses orthographic projection with a two-dimensional affine warp and Lambertian reflectance functions, including cast and attached shadows. We use uniform priors on nuisance variables such as viewpoint direction and the light source. Limitations of using uniform priors on nuisance variables are discussed.     

Direct Observation of Pure Cu and Cu-Ag Anode Passivation in H2SO4-CuSO4 Aqueous Solution by Channel Flow Double Electrode and Optical Microscopy

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The dissolution and passivation of pure Cu and Cu-5 wt pct Ag anodes in H2SO4-CuSO4 electrolyte were investigated by a direct...     

Determination of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in serum and urine of humans by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A simple method was developed for the analysis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in human serum and urine using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Hyoscyamine and scopolamine in serum and urine were cleaned up with an Oasis HLB cartridge and a PSA cartridge. The LC separation was carried out on an ODS column, using linear gradient elution with 5 mmol/L IPCC-MS3-methanol as the mobile phase. The mass spectral acquisition was done in the positive ion mode by applying selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The recoveries of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were 86.0-105% from human serum and urine fortified at 0.2 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL. The detection limits of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were 0.02 ng/mL. Four serum and three urine samples of humans poisoned by eating Datura innoxia Mill. were analyzed by this method. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine were detected at the levels of 0.45-3.5 ng/mL in all serum samples and 170-670 ng/mL in all urine samples.