Prediction of Local and Global Ionization Effects on ICs: The Synergy between Numerical and Physical Simulation

A review is presented of an integrated approach to hardness assurance, embracing single-event and global pulsed-ionization effects. The strategy essentially combines numerical and physical simulation in order to obtain reliable data on IC radiation response with minimum expenditure of time and money. The way in which calculations and measurements should be combined depends on the type of IC and the radiation conditions. It is shown that the cost of measurement can be reduced by using laboratory radiation simulators and each form of radiation of interest can be simulated with an agent readily available for the tester. Particular coverage is given to simulation with lasers.     

The architectonics of the lymphatic networks in the sheep heart

Lymphatic networks of the heart were studied in sheep. Principal scheme of lymphatic networks structural organization in endocardium, myocardium and epicardium of the mammals studied was established to have a series of regularities similar to those in man and animals although possessing specific peculiarities. Lymphomicrocirculatory bed of the heart is composed of interdependent lymphatic networks of endocardium, myocardium and epicardium. Endocardial and epicardial lymphatic networks are plane and single-layered, while myocardial one is spatial. All heart coats lymphatic networks are characterized with local peculiarities (different loop parameters, capillary diameter and density in some areas) which indicates varying drainage and state of metabolism in different heart region.     

Cleaning up wastewater from lubricant A-1 in the manufacture of triacetate yarn

Conclusions Results of this research have shown the efficiency and economic advisability of using the method of reagent treatment of wastewater from the washing division of plants manufacturing triacetate yarns, with the objective of cleaning them up from A-1 lubricant.The economic benefit on introduction of the developed method for cleaning up wastewater from A-1 lubricant will be 351,000 rubles per year at the Kaunas plant and 102,000 rubles per year at the Engels plant.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 53–55, May–June, 1986.     

Method for reconstructing atmospheric optical parameters from the data of polarization lidar sensing

Inversion of polarization lidar sensing data based on the form of the lidar sensing equation with allowance for contributions from multiple-scattering calls for a priori information on the scattering phase matrix. In the present study the parameters of the Stokes vectors for various propagation media, including those with the scattering phase matrices that vary along the measuring range, are investigated. It is demonstrated that, in spaceborne lidar sensing, a simple parameterization of the multiple-scattering contribution is applicable and the polarization signal's characteristics depend mainly on the lidar and depolarization ratios, whereas differences in the angular dependences of the matrix components are no longer determining factors. An algorithm for simultaneous reconstruction of the profiles of the backscattering coefficient and depolarization and lidar ratios in an inhomogeneous medium is suggested. Specific features of the methods are analyzed for the examples of interpretation of lidar signal profiles calculated by the Monte Carlo method and are measured experimentally.     

A New Highly Anisotropic Rh-Based Heusler Compound for Magnetic Recording

The development of high-density magnetic recording media is limited by superparamagnetism in very small ferromagnetic crystals. Hard magnetic materials with strong perpendicular anisotropy offer stability and high recording density. To overcome the difficulty of writing media with a large coercivity, heat-assisted magnetic recording was developed, rapidly heating the media to the Curie temperature T_c before writing, followed by rapid cooling. Requirements are a suitable T_c, coupled with anisotropic thermal conductivity and hard magnetic properties. Here, Rh₂CoSb is introduced as a new hard magnet with potential for thin-film magnetic recording. A magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3.6 MJ m⁻³ is combined with a saturation magnetization of μ₀M_s = 0.52 T at 2 K (2.2 MJ m⁻³ and 0.44 T at room temperature). The magnetic hardness parameter of 3.7 at room temperature is the highest observed for any rare-earth-free hard magnet. The anisotropy is related to an unquenched orbital moment of 0.42 μ_B on Co, which is hybridized with neighboring Rh atoms with a large spin–orbit interaction. Moreover, the pronounced temperature dependence of the anisotropy that follows from its T_c of 450 K, together with a thermal conductivity of 20 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, make Rh₂CoSb a candidate for the development of heat-assisted writing with a recording density in excess of 10 Tb in.⁻².     

Optomagnetic Nanoplatforms for In Situ Controlled Hyperthermia

Magnetic nanoparticles (M:NPs) are unique agents for in vivo thermal therapies due to their multimodal capacity for efficient heat generation under optical and/or magnetic excitation. Nevertheless, their transfer from laboratory to the clinic is hampered by the absence of thermal feedback and by the influence that external conditions (e.g., agglomeration and biological matrix interactions) have on their heating efficiency. Overcoming these limitations requires, first, the implementation of strategies providing thermal sensing to M:NPs in order to obtain in situ thermal feedback during thermal therapies. At the same time, M:NPs should be modified so that their heating efficiency will be maintained independently of the environment and the added capability for thermometry. In this work, optomagnetic hybrid nanostructures (OMHSs) that simultaneously satisfy these two conditions are presented. Polymeric encapsulation of M:NPs with neodymium‐doped nanoparticles results in a hybrid structure capable of subtissue thermal feedback while making the heating efficiency of M:NPs independent of the medium. The potential application of the OMHSs herein developed for fully controlled thermal therapies is demonstrated by an ex vivo endoscope‐assisted controlled intracoronary heating experiment.