Accelerating a Recurrent Neural Network to Finite-Time Convergence for Solving Time-Varying Sylvester Equation by Using a Sign-Bi-power Activation Function

Bartels–Stewart algorithm is an effective and widely used method with an O(n ³) time complexity for solving a static Sylvester equation. When applied to time-varying Sylvester equation, the computation burden increases intensively with the decrease of sampling period and cannot satisfy continuous realtime calculation requirements. Gradient-based recurrent neural network are able to solve the time-varying Sylvester equation in real time but there always exists an estimation error. In contrast, the recently proposed Zhang neural network has been proven to converge to the solution of the Sylvester equation ideally when time goes to infinity. However, this neural network with the suggested activation functions never converges to the desired value in finite time, which may limit its applications in realtime processing. To tackle this problem, a sign-bi-power activation function is proposed in this paper to accelerate Zhang neural network to finite-time convergence. The global convergence and finite-time convergence property are proven in theory. The upper bound of the convergence time is derived analytically. Simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the neural network with the proposed activation function. In addition, the proposed strategy is applied to online calculating the pseudo-inverse of a matrix and nonlinear control of an inverted pendulum system. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of proposed activation function.     

Effect of Ce(3+) on soluble microbial products production in anaerobic granular sludge digestion

Upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors fed on glucose were used to investigate the effects of Ce(3+) on soluble microbial products (SMP) production, which is the majority of the residual chemical oxygen demand present in the effluent. It was found that Ce(3+) concentration of 0.05 mg/L had no significant effect on the amount of SMP production, whereas that of 1 mg/L led to the increase in SMP production. The molecular-weight distribution and carbohydrate analysis indicated that an increase in SMP production may be partly attributed to the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) into the bulk solution resulted from cerium toxicity, and the nucleic acids analysis suggested that increased cell lysis also contributed to SMP accumulation in the presence of Ce(3+). The increase in SMP production in the presence of Ce(3+) is possibly a consequence of the release of EPS and increased cell lysis due to cerium toxicity.     

Effective degradation of para-chloronitrobenzene through a sequential treatment using zero-valent iron reduction and Fenton oxidation

In this study, zero-valent iron (ZVI) was used to pretreat para-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB), and the major product was para-chloroaniline (p-CAN). By adding H(2)O(2) directly, further p-CAN degradation can be attributed to Fenton oxidation because ferrous ions (Fe(2+)) released during the ZVI corrosion could be used as an activator for H(2)O(2) decomposition. In the reduction process, the reduction efficiency of p-CNB as well as Fe(2+) concentration increased with increasing iron dosage and decreasing solution pH. Under the optimal conditions, 25 mg L(-1) of p-CNB could be transformed in 3 h when initial solution pH was 3.0 and ZVI dosage was 2.0 g L(-1). A sufficient amount of Fe(2+) (50.4 mg L(-1)) was obtained after the above reaction to activate H(2)O(2). In the Fenton process, the oxidization of p-CAN was also more effective in acidic conditions and it increased with increasing H(2)O(2) concentration. The control experiments showed that the sequential treatment was more effective than Fenton oxidation alone in treating p-CNB wastewater since the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) was improved by about 34%. It suggested that the amino function group is more susceptible to oxidative radical attack than the nitro function group. Therefore, sequential treatment using zero-valent iron reduction followed by Fenton oxidation is a promising method for p-CNB degradation.     

人工和自动化监测资料的融合前提与方法研究

大坝安全监控中,同一监测量常有人工和自动化两组监测数据。为更加合理准确地分析评价大坝的安全状况,提出将人工与自动化两组监测数据融合为一组监测数据的想法,并对两组数据的融合前提和融合方法进行了研究。实例分析表明,在满足融合前提时,相关的融合方法较好地解决了人工与自动化监测资料的融合问题,为大坝安全监控提供了真实、客观的资料。     

积石峡水电站导流洞交叉段水平层状岩体稳定数值仿真分析

积石峡水电站导流洞及中孔泄洪洞交叉段设计体形复杂,且顶拱上方有一3～10 cm厚的软弱夹层穿过,围岩整体稳定性差,安全问题突出。为确保交叉段顺利贯通及施工安全,拟定了5种开挖和支护方案,采用数值仿真分析系统分析比较了不同开挖和支护方案下施工期围岩和支护的稳定性,确定了交叉段的开挖方式和支护技术措施,经实际应用,效果良好。     

基于原型监测的特高拱坝软弱带置换效果评价

特高拱坝蓄水后所受的总推力巨大,坝肩是关键受力部位,合理评估置换体加固效果将直接影响到工程的安全性和经济性。以原型监测为基础,采用实测值分析与理论推导相结合的方法,对小湾特高拱坝坝肩回填效果进行分析和评价。结果表明：接触带压应力过程线经历了增大和稳定2个阶段;接缝开合度过程线经历了温升压密、温降张开和稳定3个阶段,开合度与温度分段线性相关;围岩呈稳定态势,变形主要集中在前3个月,离洞口6m范围受开挖影响较大,16m为围岩松动圈范围。钢筋温度应力的理论值与实测值偏差较小。综合分析认为：回填体与围岩结合良好,有很好的传力性能;回填体及围岩应力、变形正常;回填效果好。     

缺水地区农业种植结构调整和经济灌溉定额研究

从调整农业种植结构和制定经济灌溉定额两个方面出发,探索提高农业灌溉水量的利用效率和效益的问题.根据唐山现状建立了兼顾社会、生态综合效益,以区域经济效益最大为目标,以农业灌溉供水量,播种面积,市场需求为约束条件的农业产业结构调整模型,并采用非线性规划方法求解.主要结果如下:(1)结构调整向着单方水经济效益高的作物倾斜.(2)调整后农业灌溉水量为原来的64%.(3)调整后有效降雨利用量占作物总用水量的比例明显增加.(4)全市综合灌溉定额调整前为285.7 mm,调整后为195.6 mm.     

RCC拱坝的封拱温度与温度荷载研究

在对RCC拱坝封拱温度与温度荷载特点分析的基础上,用4座不同坝高的RCC拱坝分别以坝体多年平均温度和由仿真分析计算得到的蓄水时的实际温度作为温度荷载的计算起点,用有限元等效应力法计算不同坝高的坝体应力,根据计算结果讨论不同坝高时RCC拱坝的封拱温度与温度荷载。计算表明,以多年平均温度作为封拱温度计算温度荷载与仿真方法计算的温度荷载的差距随着坝高的增大而增大。对于100m以上的拱坝应该用仿真分析的方法研究温度荷载,以确定真实的封拱温度;不进行二期水冷和封拱灌浆时,对于100m以上的高拱坝,要进行充分论证,一般坝踵可能会出现较大拉应力而引起坝踵开裂;对于RCC高拱坝应采用冷却水管和分缝相结合的方式,在蓄水前通过二期水冷使坝体温度下降到设计封拱温度后进行封拱灌浆,以减小运行期的温度荷载。     

科学认识河湖水系连通问题

近年,河湖水系连通问题受到了极大关注,各级水行政主管部门对河湖水系连通的理论问题提出了迫切需求。结合国内外河湖水系连通的实例以及不同专家的意见和建议,对河湖水系连通的相关问题进行了初步梳理和总结,提出了当前推进河湖水系连通工作应注意的几个问题。     

光伏提水技术研究与应用

光伏提水是涉及太阳能采集与变换、电力电子、电机、水泵等多门学科专业综合配套的一门新兴技术,因其符合新能源战略发展的需要而备受关注和重视。基于研究和推广应用需要,在回顾了光伏提水技术发展历程的基础上,介绍了近年国内出现的几种有代表性的光伏提水装置,对它们的类型和系统结构进行了分析,探讨了光伏提水技术在我国特别是西部干旱缺水地区推广应用的前景和价值。