马莲河流域水资源综合利用技术研究与示范

采用反渗透膜技术,利用马莲河上游环江苦咸水资源,建立了1 000 m3·d-1苦咸水淡化示范工程,出水水质达到国家生活饮用水卫生标准( GB 5749-2006)标准,有效解决了环县城区5万居民饮水问题.     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of flower-like hematite for lithium-ion batteries

Flower-like hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) has been successfully prepared by heat-treatment from the iron(III)-oxyhydroxide precursor, which is obtained by the hydrolysis of FeCl₃ solution in the presence of NaClO. In this process, no templates or catalysts are required. SEM and TEM characterizations confirm that micro-flowers are composed of several dozen self-assembled nanopetals with the thickness of about 20 nm. On the basis of the morphology investigations in time-dependent experiments, the possible growth mechanism of the flower-like α-Fe₂O₃ is proposed, which is similar to a two-stage growth process. Furthermore, as an anode electrode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, the flower-like α-Fe₂O₃ exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, which can be attributed to the high surface area induced by the flower-like structure, the short lithium diffusion length and the restriction of volume change of the Li⁺ insertion/extraction.     

自组装铁基印迹聚合物的表征及吸附性能研究

采用固相法自组装铁基印迹聚合物（M IP）,并通过XRD与表面滴定手段对其进行表征及研究其吸附性能,结果表明：（1）M IP结晶完好,晶胞系数皆为a=5.036,b=5.036,c=13.749,粒径为28.5 nm;（2）Fe3＋与C6H6O质量比2：1与4：1组装成的微粒表面滴定拟合参数分别为：Nt=7.24×10-5mol.g-1,pKa1=6.77,pKa2=9.62;Nt=7.08×10-5mol.g-1,pKa1=6.62,pKa2=9.59;（3）4：1苯酚模板Fe2O3M IP的吸附性能较优,其投加量为0.5g时吸附效果最好。     

Synergistic flame retardant effects of activated carbon and molybdenum oxide in poly(vinyl chloride)

The synergistic effects of activated carbon (AC) and molybdenum oxide (MoO₃) in improving the flame retardancy of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated. The effects of AC, MoO₃ and their mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1 on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of PVC were studied using the limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests. It was found that the flame retardancy of the relatively cheaper AC was slightly weaker than that of MoO₃. In addition, the incorporation of AC and MoO₃ greatly reduced the total heat release and improved smoke suppressant property of PVC composites. When the total content of AC and MoO₃ was 10 phr, PVC/AC/MoO₃ had the lowest peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate values of 173.80 kW m^?2 and 0.1472 m² s^?1, which represented reductions of 47.3 and 59.9%, respectively, compared with those of PVC. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis and gel content tests were used to analyze the flame retardant mechanism of AC and MoO₃, with results showing that AC could promote early crosslinking in PVC. Char residue left after heating at 500 °C was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and the results showed that MoO₃ produced the most compact char, with the smallest and most organized carbonaceous microstructures. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

镍铝层状双金属氢氧化物的亲油改性及其吸油性能

Ni^(2+)与Al^(3+)物质的量比为3∶1,尿素为沉淀剂,通过水热合成技术制备镍铝层状双金属氢氧化物层状材料(Ni^(2+)-Al^(3+)-CO_3^(2-)-LDHs)。以Ni^(2+)-Al^(3+)-CO_3^(2-)-LDHs为前驱体,分别与Na Cl和十二烷基磺酸钠[CH_3(CH_2)_(11)SO_3Na]进行离子交换反应得到Ni^(2+)-Al^(3+)-CH_3(CH_2)_(11)SO_3^--LDHs新型吸附剂材料。将CH_3(CH_2)_(11)SO_3^-亲油客体负载到Ni^(2+)-Al^(3+)-LDHs层状材料层间,实现镍铝层状双金属氢氧化物的亲油改性。利用Ni^(2+)-Al^(3+)-CH_3(CH_2)_(11)SO_3^--LDHs复合材料对含油污水进行处理,结果表明,镍铝层状双金属氢氧化物亲油改性后增强了LDHs的亲油吸附性能。     

Two-step method to deposit ZrO2 coating on carbon fiber: Preparation,characterization, and performance in SiC composites

Recently, ceramic matrix composites reinforced by short carbon fibers (CFs) attracted increasing attentions. To further improve mechanical properties and oxidation resistances, CFs were subjected to oxidation and acidification followed by sol-gel dip-coating to deposit ZrO₂ on their surfaces. ZrO₂-C_f/SiC composites were fabricated by joint hot compression molding and sintering, compared to C_f/SiC and SiC prepared by the same method. Microstructural analyses indicated that ZrO₂ coatings were successfully deposited on CF surfaces, formed strong bonding and interfaces between CF and the matrix. Meanwhile, CFs were found uniformly distributed in SiC matrix with random orientations. Flexural curves of ZrO₂-C_f/SiC and C_f/SiC revealed the presence of “false plasticity” regions after sharp drops, which were quite different from brittle flexural behavior of SiC ceramic. Compression strength of the three samples showed step-up growth. ZrO₂-C_f/SiC exhibited the highest value, indicating the introduction of CFs and ZrO₂ coatings do have great influence on mechanical performances. After heat treatment, ZrO₂-C_f/SiC exhibited better oxidation resistance than C_f/SiC, with weight loss ratios estimated to ??3.76% and ??6.43%, respectively. These improved properties indicated that ZrO₂-C_f/SiC would be excellent alternatives to other existence materials under ultra-high temperature environments.     

Tunable‐focus negative poly(vinyl chloride) gel microlens driven by unilateral electrodes

Tunable‐focus microlenses are urgently required for compact optical products to replace digital zoom and obtain high‐quality images. An electrically controllable tunable‐focus negative microlens is proposed, which is based on an electroactive poly(vinyl chloride) gel plasticized by ecofriendly dioctyl terephthalate. The anode and cathode of the microlens are simply assembled on the same side of the electrorheological elastomer, which greatly saves space and allows the thickness of the proposed microlens to be less than 1 mm. By applying voltages ranging from 0 to 1000 V, the stable focus of the microlens is interestingly able to vary as wide as from –∞ to ?21.3 mm correspondingly. The proposed microlens is simple and thin but is flexible and stable and has a wide range of the focus variation, showing promising applications in minielectric and optical devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46136.     

十二水磷酸氢二钠纳米复合相变材料的过冷特性

研制了一种以十二水磷酸氢二钠（Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O）为主储能材料的中低温相变材料。通过添加成核剂纳米Al₂O₃、纳米TiO₂、纳米石墨粉、多壁碳纳米管和高分子分散剂聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）对Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O改性。结果表明,多壁碳纳米管减少过冷度的同时会破坏Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O的相变特性,添加3%（质量分数）的纳米Al₂O₃可以减少40.7%的过冷度,添加4%的纳米TiO₂可以减少44.6%的过冷度,添加4%的纳米石墨粉可以减少62.3%的过冷度。对于添加3%纳米Al₂O₃的复合相变材料,PAAS浓度对过冷度无影响;对于4%纳米TiO₂的复合相变材料,添加4% PAAS过冷度最低为3.2℃,减少了76.1%;对于4%纳米石墨粉的复合相变材料,2% PAAS过冷度最低为1.2℃,减少了90.7%;纳米石墨粉/PAAS/Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O三元复合相变材料经过100次循环实验后,发现具有较好的热稳定性。     

PC在电磁铁温升试验中的应用

介绍了交流制动电磁铁线圈温升的测量方法及Ｆ系列可编程控制器在电磁铁温升试验中的应用，并给出了程序清单及程序执行过程。     

CO对3种碳二加氢催化剂的影响分析

介绍了广州石化乙烯装置3种碳二加氢催化剂的使用情况。通过使用过程中出现的问题和现象,分析了CO对3种催化剂的不同影响,并在此基础上提出见解。