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排序方式: 共有1488条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Yves Paradis Andrea Bertolo Marc Mingelbier Philippe Brodeur Pierre Magnan 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2014
The goal of this study was to determine the relative contribution of environmental and spatial processes governing the distribution of larval and juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in two shallow embayments of a large fluvial lake on the St. Lawrence River system. We tested the hypotheses that: i) larval distribution is not related to habitat characteristics, presumably due to their relatively low swimming capacity, whereas ii) these environmental variables drive juvenile distribution, reflecting a more active habitat selection. This study is one of the first attempts to partition the relative roles of environmental and spatial factors in shaping the distribution of a freshwater fish through its early ontogeny. We show that larvae were not spatially aggregated within the embayments and that habitat characteristics, mainly related to aquatic vegetation, played an important role in explaining their distribution. In contrast, juvenile abundances were not significantly related to habitat characteristics, despite being spatially structured over multiple scales. Contrary to our predictions, habitat association was stronger for larvae than for juveniles which were aggregated independent of habitat characteristics. Increased swimming capacities may thus facilitate the aggregation of juveniles rather than strengthening their association with habitat, at least at the scales considered here (ca 3 km2). These results shed a new light on the factors governing larval and juvenile yellow perch distribution, suggesting that active habitat choice might begin earlier than previously thought. 相似文献
102.
Yves Richard Nadège Martiny Mathieu Rouault Nathalie Philippon Yann Tracol Thierry Castel 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(21):6763-6782
In semi-arid African regions (annual rainfall between 200 and 600 mm), variability of vegetative activity is mainly due to the rainfall of the current rainy season. In most of South Africa, the rainy season occurs from October to March. On average, vegetative activity lags rainfall by 1 to 2 months. The interannual variability in early summer (December to September) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) depends primarily on precipitation at the beginning (October to November) of the rainy season. However, once this primary control is removed, the residual interannual variability in NDVI highlights a double memory effect: a 1-year effect, referred to as Mem1, and a 7- to 10-month effect, referred to as Mem2. This article aims at better describing the influence of soil and vegetation characteristics on these two memory effects. The data sets used in this study are as follows: (1) a 19-year NDVI time series from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites, (2) rainfall records from a network of 1160 rain-gauge stations compiled by the Water Research Commission (WRC), (3) vegetation types from Global Land Cover (GLC) 2000 and (4) soil characteristics from the soil and terrain database for Southern Africa (SOTERSAF). Results indicate that among 20–30% of NDVI variance that is not explained by the concurrent rainfall, one-third is explained by the two memory effects. Mem1 is found to have maximum effect in the northwest of our study domain, near the Botswana boundary, in the South Kalahari. Associated conditions are open grasslands growing on Arenosols. Mem1 is less important in the southeast, particularly in open grassland with shrubs growing on Cambisols. Thus, Mem1 mainly depends on soil texture. Mem2 is more widespread and its influence is the greatest in the centre, the south and the east of our domain. It is related to rainfall from January to April, which controls, beyond the intervening dry season, the interannual variations of NDVI (December to September) at the beginning of the next rainy season. Through these new findings, this article emphasizes again the high potential of remote-sensing techniques to monitor and understand the dynamics of semi-arid environments. 相似文献
103.
104.
Tsu-Tsung Andrew Li Simon RuffellMario Tucci Yves MansouliéChristian Samundsett Simona De IullisLuca Serenelli Andres Cuevas 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2011,95(1):69-72
While sputtering has been shown to be capable of depositing aluminum oxide suitable for surface passivation, the mechanisms for this are yet to be firmly established and its potential realized. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between the oxygen in the sputtering process to the resulting composition of the deposited film and the surface passivation obtained. We find that surface passivation is not strongly dependent on the bulk composition of the film. Instead the results indicate that the interfacial silicon oxide layer that forms after annealing between the aluminum oxide film and the silicon is a much more important factor; it is this combined structure of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and silicon that is crucial for obtaining negative charges and excellent surface passivation. 相似文献
105.
Pollmann Stefan; Maertens Marianne; von Cramon D. Yves; Lepsien Joeran; Hugdahl Kenneth 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,16(1):56
The authors found splenial lesions to be associated with left ear suppression in dichotic listening of consonant-vowel syllables. This was found in both a rapid presentation dichotic monitoring task and a standard dichotic listening task, ruling out attentional limitations in the processing of high stimulus loads as a confounding factor. Moreover, directed attention to the left ear did not improve left ear target detection in the patients, independent of callosal lesion location. The authors' data may indicate that auditory callosal fibers pass through the splenium more posterior than previously thought. However, further studies should investigate whether callosal fibers between primary and secondary auditory cortices, or between higher level multimodal cortices, are vital for the detection of left ear targets in dichotic listening. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
106.
The electrical contact resistance between isolated pairs of micron-sized gold particles has been measured as a function of
their separation using apparatus constructed in house. When incorporated into a percolation model for current transport in
a conducting particle filled insulator, the results of such measurements have been shown to be consistent with the observed
variation of conductivity with filler content beyond the percolation threshold in gold filled epoxies. This has been tested
further by using adsorbed alkanethiol monolayers to control the interparticle spacing in the composites, demonstrating the
importance of the contact resistance for the macroscopic current transport properties.
Received: 22 September 1997/Revised version: 30 October 1997/Accepted: 31 October 1997 相似文献
107.
Mai Huong Ly-Chatain Mai Linh Le Mai Le Thanh Jean-Marc Belin Yves Waché 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2010,43(6):1594-1602
Cell localisation in the matrix microstructure of fermented food is important for microbial activity and ripening. To evaluate the importance of physicochemical factors in these phenomena, the physicochemical behaviour of four strains of lactic acid bacteria were investigated after inoculation of raw milk or milk fractions. To discriminate between physicochemical and metabolic properties, media were (i) rapidly acidified to avoid cell division or (ii) bacteria were allowed to ferment milk. To evaluate the impact of milk components, cells were dispersed in protein or fatty globule fractions. From two Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis strains selected from their different surface properties investigated in previous studies, after rapid acidification one was encountered in fatty globules and protein gels whereas the other was found in serum and on the surface of globules. After fermentation, the first one formed colonies in the lipid phase or next to it in the whey and the second formed colonies in the protein gel. Strains forming long chains (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) were always found in contact with fatty globules, where they developed. Our results suggest that localisation and subsequent spatial colonisation depend on the physicochemical properties of cell surfaces, on the structure in chains as well as on the metabolic ability to develop on proteins or lipids. 相似文献
108.
We present two detailed studies concerning thedmt and the multichannelhemt for power amplifications. Each work comprises a first theoretical part where the structure is optimized by simulating the device. Technological realizations are hence performed at the laboratory. The following measurements give results very encouraging and permit to foresee the superior performance relatively to that of GaAs powermesfet. 相似文献
109.
Yorick Reyjol Philippe Brodeur Yves Mailhot Marc Mingelbier Pierre Dumont 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2010
We evaluated whether or not the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) represents an important prey source for seven native fish predators in Lake St. Pierre (St. Lawrence River, Canada). The frequency of occurrence of round goby in the stomach contents of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was very low (< 5%), while for the five other predators, it varied between 22% (yellow perch; Perca flavescens) and 65% (sauger; Sander canadensis). Several competing models linking the probability of occurrence of round goby in stomach contents to variables related to space, physical habitat, biotic interactions and predator size were tested for the five species feeding on round goby. Results indicated that space variables influenced round goby occurrence in stomachs for all species. In addition, physical habitat variables had an influence for sauger and walleye (Sander vitreus); biotic variables had an influence for yellow perch, walleye and sauger; and size had an influence for northern pike (Esox lucius), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and walleye. These results are discussed in light of known biological features of the round goby and native predators studied here and have important implications in terms of understanding round goby invasion success in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence system. 相似文献
110.