On the Genesis of the Marshall-Olkin Family of Distributions via the T-<i>X</i> Family Approach: Statistical Modeling

In the last couple of years, there Has been an increased interest among the statisticians to define new families of distributions by adding one or more additional parameter(s) to the baseline distribution. In this regard, a number of families have been introduced and studied. One such example is the Marshall-Olkin family of distributions that is one of the most prominent approaches used to generalize the existing distributions. Whenever, we see a new method, the natural questions come in to mind are (i) what are the genesis of the newly proposed method and (ii) how did the proposed method is obtained. No doubt, the Marshall-Olkin family is a very useful method and has attracted the researchers. But, unfortunately, the authors failed to provide the explanation about the genesis of the method that how this family of distributions is obtained. To address this issue, in this article, an attempt Has been made to provide a straight forward computation about the genesis of the Marshall-Olkin family that somehow completes its derivation. The genesis of the Marshall-Olkin family is based on the T-X family approach. Furthermore, we have showed that other extensions of the Marshall-Olkin family can also be obtained via the T-X family method. Finally, a real-life application form insurance science is presented to illustrate the newly proposed extension of the Marshall-Olkin family.     

Lower limits of spin detection efficiency for two-parameter two-qubit (TPTQ) states with non-ideal ferromagnetic detectors

We have investigated a TPTQ state as an input state of a non-ideal ferromagnetic detectors. Minimal spin polarization required to demonstrate spin entanglement according to entanglement witness and CHSH inequality with respect to (w.r.t.) their two free parameters have been found, and we have numerically shown that the entanglement witness is less stringent than the direct tests of Bell’s inequality in the form of CHSH in the entangled limits of its free parameters. In addition, the lower limits of spin detection efficiency fulfilling secure cryptographic key against eavesdropping have been derived. Finally, we have considered TPTQ state as an output of spin decoherence channel and the region of ballistic transmission time w.r.t. spin relaxation time and spin dephasing time has been found.     

Improvement of the quality of gluten‐free sponge cake using different levels and particle sizes of carrot pomace powder

In this study, carrot pomace powder (CPP) with particle sizes of 210 μm (CPP210) and 500 μm (CPP500) was added in the gluten‐free sponge cake recipe. Flour (rice and corn flour, 1:1, w/w) was replaced with 0, 10, 20 and 30% CPP. With increasing the level and particle size of CPP, batter density, viscosity, consistency and firmness increased. The control cake had a dense, hard texture, irregular shape and low sensory scores. These properties improved with addition of CPP so that the cake density, hardness and cohesiveness reduced, while symmetry index and sensory scores increased. Varying the particle size of CPP had no considerable effects on most of the batter and cake properties, while increasing the level of CPP had great positive effects on the quality of batter and cake. Overall, addition of 30% CPP with either of the particle sizes resulted in an acceptable gluten‐free cake.     

Modelling useful energy demand system as derived from basic needs in the household sector

Inter-fuel substitution in the household sector depends on whether their target energy use is similar or not. To account for the effect of end-use application on energy demand, the concept of useful energy is utilized in which energy carriers are grouped according to their end-use applications. Useful energy is assumed as a commodity demanded to satisfy needs. Therefore, it should possess certain characteristics in accordance with the nature of basic needs. These characteristics were investigated through a two-level budgeting system with demographic variables indicating rural and urban households of Iran. The model has been applied to estimate the behavioural parameters such as income and price elasticities of useful energy demand. The estimated values of income and own-price elasticity show that all categories of useful energy are necessities with a relatively inelastic demand. Among them, cooling and non-substitutable electricity has the highest income and own-price elasticity, while lighting and water heating are ranked as the most necessary types of useful energy due to their low-income elasticity. In addition, small values of cross price elasticities support the idea that different types of useful energy are almost independent. Therefore, the results confirm that useful energy demands could be considered as basic needs.     

Improved physical stability of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid encapsulated using nanoliposome containing α‐tocopherol

This study aimed to develop a nanoliposomal formulation containing α‐tocopherol loaded with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and to characterise the formulation by its physical stability. For this purpose, different nanoliposomal formulations with dipalmitoyl phosphocholine were prepared using a modified thin‐film hydration method and evaluated by particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and determining the encapsulation efficiencies of DHA and EPA. A physical stability study was conducted by investigating the change in the vesicle encapsulation efficiency, particle size, PDI and shape when stored at 4, 30 and 40 °C for 3 months. High encapsulation efficiency of DHA and EPA (89.1% ± 0.6% and 81.9% ± 1.4%) and appropriate particle size (82 ± 0.8 nm) were obtained for liposomes composed of α‐tocopherol. The optimum formulation was stable for 90 days when kept at 4 °C. This study demonstrated that α‐tocopherol had a protective effect on the physical stability of the nanoliposomes containing DHA and EPA.     

A comparative study of ZrO2, Y2O3 and Sm2O3 promoted Ni/SBA-15 catalysts for evaluation of CO2/methane reforming performance

Ni-based/SBA-15 catalysts, were promoted by 3wt % of samaria (Sm₂O₃), Yttria (Y₂O₃) and Zirconia (ZrO₂), by two-solvent impregnation method. The catalysts characterization was performed by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Field Emission Electron Scanning Microscopy (FESEM), Temperature Programmed Oxidation/Reduction (TPO/TPR) and NH₃-Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH₃-TPD) techniques. Then, evaluated by CO₂/methane reforming.The CO₂/methane reforming outcomes revealed that samaria-promoted catalyst showed excellent activity, stability and cock resistance, while yttria-promoted catalyst just illustrated good activity at high temperature and zirconia-promoted catalyst didn't show any modification in catalytic performance in comparison to Ni-based catalyst with no promoter. Samaria-promoted TEM and TPR analysis, indicated adding samaria improved the NiO particles interaction with SBA-15 support pores wall and NiO dispersion. The TPO analysis displayed that coke deposition in samaria-promoted sample after 12 h reaction is less than yttria-promoted during stream of 5 h. Also, it is suggested that for samaria containing catalyst, cock deposition occurred on the support. Therefore, nickel active sites were preserved for time on stream of 12 h, which is the main reason for samaria-promoted catalyst superior stability than other's.     

Detection of individual activities in video sequences based on fast interference discovery and semi-supervised method

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Auto understanding of human activities in video is an increasing necessity in some application realms. The existing methods for human’s activity...