Design and Realization of a Novel Header Compression Scheme for Ad Hoc Networks

IP header compression schemes offer a valuable measure for bandwidth preservation. Such schemes have been practically implemented in infrastructure‐based IP networks for point‐to‐point links. However, minimal research and practical implementation efforts have been conducted in the direction of an IP header compression strategy that can meet the peculiar requirements of multi‐hop ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper, we present a practically implemented multi‐hop IP header compression scheme using the Robust Header Compression (ROHC) protocol suite. The scheme runs on a novel identifier (ID) based networking architecture, known as an ID‐based ad hoc network (IDHOCNET). IDHOCNET additionally solves a number of bottlenecks of pure IP‐based ad hoc networks that have emerged owing to IP address auto‐configuration service, distributed naming and name resolution, and the role of an IP address as an identifier at the application layer. The proposed scheme was tested on a multi‐hop test bed. The results show that the implemented scheme has better gain and requires only O (1) ROHC contexts.     

Design of electronic sections for nano-displacement measuring system

Noncontact displacement measurement is generally based on the interferometry method.In the semiconductor industry,a technique for measuring small features is required as circuit integration becomes denser and the wafer size becomes larger.An interferometric system known as a three-longitudinal-mode heterodyne interferometer (TLMI) is made of two main parts:optical setup and electronic sections.In the optical part,the base and measurement signals having 500-MHz frequency are produced,resulting from interfering three longitudinal modes.The secondary beat frequency to measure the displacement in the TLMI is about 300kHz.To extract the secondary beat frequency,wide-band amplifiers,double-balanced mixers (DBMs),band-pass filters (BPFs),and low-pass filters (LPFs) are used.In this paper,we design the integrated circuit of a super-heterodyne interferometer with total gain of 56.9dB in size of 1030μm×1030μm.     

An efficient ontology-based topic-specific article recommendation model for best-fit reviewers

Scientometrics - In general peer review is accredited as the vital and utmost cornerstone of the scientific publishing and research developments. Undeniably, the reviewers play a decisive role in...     

Preventing Cloud Network from Spamming Attacks Using Cloudflare and KNN

Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models, which provides online services to end-users. Cloud computing allows the user to access data directly from any node. But nowadays, cloud security is one of the biggest issues that arise. Different types of malware are wreaking havoc on the clouds. Attacks on the cloud server are happening from both internal and external sides. This paper has developed a tool to prevent the cloud server from spamming attacks. When an attacker attempts to use different spamming techniques on a cloud server, the attacker will be intercepted through two effective techniques: Cloudflare and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification. Cloudflare will block those IP addresses that the attacker will use and prevent spamming attacks. However, the KNN classifiers will determine which area the spammer belongs to. At the end of the article, various prevention techniques for securing cloud servers will be discussed, a comparison will be made with different papers, a conclusion will be drawn based on different results.     

A Laser-Induced Mo2CTx MXene Hybrid Anode for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries

MXenes, a fast-growing family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, are promising for electronics and energy storage applications. Mo₂CT_x MXene, in particular, has demonstrated a higher capacity than other MXenes as an anode for Li-ion batteries. Yet, such enhanced capacity is accompanied by slow kinetics and poor cycling stability. Herein, it is revealed that the unstable cycling performance of Mo₂CT_x is attributed to the partial oxidation into MoO_x with structural degradation. A laser-induced Mo₂CT_x/Mo₂C (LS-Mo₂CT_x) hybrid anode has been developed, of which the Mo₂C nanodots boost redox kinetics, and the laser-reduced oxygen content prevents the structural degradation caused by oxidation. Meanwhile, the strong connections between the laser-induced Mo₂C nanodots and Mo₂CT_x nanosheets enhance conductivity and stabilize the structure during charge–discharge cycling. The as-prepared LS-Mo₂CT_x anode exhibits an enhanced capacity of 340 mAh g⁻¹ vs 83 mAh g⁻¹ (for pristine) and an improved cycling stability (capacity retention of 106.2% vs 80.6% for pristine) over 1000 cycles. The laser-induced synthesis approach underlines the potential of MXene-based hybrid materials for high-performance energy storage applications.     

Investigation on the effects of microwave and conventional heating methods on the phytochemicals of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and black mulberry juices

Black mulberry and pomegranate juices were concentrated by conventional and microwave heating at different operational pressures (7.3, 12, 38.5, and 100 kPa). The effects of each heating method on the phytochemical changes (total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity) of juices were investigated. The effect of various heating methods on the profile of the pomegranate anthocyanins were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). The main anthocyanins of pomegranate quantified by HPLC–MS were cyanidin, delphidin, pelargonidin, 3-glucoside, and 3, 5-diglucoside. In black mulberry juice, the final juice concentration of 42° Brix was achieved in 140, 120, and 95 min at 100, 38.5, and 7.3 kPa respectively and the final pomegranate juice concentration of 40° Brix was achieved in 140, 127, and 109 min at 100, 38.5, and 12 kPa respectively by using a rotary evaporator. Applying microwave energy decreased the required times to 115, 95, and 60 min for black mulberry juice and to 118, 95, and 75 min for pomegranate juice. Results showed that anthocyanin degradation and consequently decrease in antioxidant activity were more pronounced in rotary evaporation compared to microwave heating method.     

Comparative studies on protein fractions and amino acid composition from sorghum and pearl millet

A defatted flour sample of sorghum and pearl millet were separated into three fractions. These procedures involve extracting the defatted flour with aqueous sodium hydroxide (pH 11.9) followed by precipitation with diluted HCl acid (pH 4.8). The two protein fractions I (soluble at pH 4.8) and II (insoluble at pH 4.8) along with the remaining residues (fraction III) were lyophilized separately. The amino acid composition of the original flour and the three fractions were determined. Lysine seems to be the most deficient amino acid in the original flour and the remaining residues. Fraction I and II, in which the lysine accumulated, have essentially better amino acid profile and consequently nutritionally better quality than the protein of the original defatted flour. The recovered protein-rich fractions I and II should be useful as a protein ingredient in foods. The remaining residues can be extruded into convenience foods.     

Comparison of pH-dependent sonodisruption of re-assembled casein micelles by 35 and 130 kHz ultrasounds

Sonodisruption behavior of re-assembled casein micelles was compared at two ultrasound frequencies (35 and 130 kHz) by turbidity measurement and laser-diffraction based particle size analysis. Sonochemical ultrasound (130 kHz) was more effective than power ultrasound (35 kHz) in micelle disruption. This was attributed to the higher strain rates generated upon implosion of cavities, as well as the liberation of more free radicals to the surrounding medium. The higher the pH of solution, the more effective was the ultrasonic disruption due to a looser expanded assembly of particles at higher pH values. Sonochemical ultrasound decreased the consistency coefficient of casein solutions and increased their flow index except at a pH value of 6.35, while power ultrasound did not affect the flow behavior of solutions across the whole pH range.