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排序方式: 共有8033条查询结果,搜索用时 12 毫秒
101.
Murat Kalender Ahmed Kheiri Ender Özcan Edmund K. Burke 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2013,17(12):2279-2292
Educational timetabling problem is a challenging real world problem which has been of interest to many researchers and practitioners. There are many variants of this problem which mainly require scheduling of events and resources under various constraints. In this study, a curriculum based course timetabling problem at Yeditepe University is described and an iterative selection hyper-heuristic is presented as a solution method. A selection hyper-heuristic as a high level methodology operates on the space formed by a fixed set of low level heuristics which operate directly on the space of solutions. The move acceptance and heuristic selection methods are the main components of a selection hyper-heuristic. The proposed hyper-heuristic in this study combines a simulated annealing move acceptance method with a learning heuristic selection method and manages a set of low level constraint oriented heuristics. A key goal in hyper-heuristic research is to build low cost methods which are general and can be reused on unseen problem instances as well as other problem domains desirably with no additional human expert intervention. Hence, the proposed method is additionally applied to a high school timetabling problem, as well as six other problem domains from a hyper-heuristic benchmark to test its level of generality. The empirical results show that our easy-to-implement hyper-heuristic is effective in solving the Yeditepe course timetabling problem. Moreover, being sufficiently general, it delivers a reasonable performance across different problem domains. 相似文献
102.
The paper presents the detailed design and some preliminary results obtained from a study regarding a wastewater treatment pilot plant (WWTPP), serving as a multistage constructed wetland (CW) located at the rural settlement of 'Chorfech 24' (Tunisia). The WWTPP implemented at Chorfech 24 is mainly designed as a demonstration of sustainable water management solutions (low-cost wastewater treatment), in order to prove the efficiency of these solutions working under real Tunisian conditions and ultimately allow the further spreading of the demonstrated techniques. The pilot activity also aims to help gain experience with the implemented techniques and to improve them when necessary to be recommended for wide application in rural settlements in Tunisia and similar situations worldwide. The selected WWTPP at Chorfech 24 (rural settlement of 50 houses counting 350 inhabitants) consists of one Imhoff tank for pre-treatment, and three stages in series: as first stage a horizontal subsurface flow CW system, as second stage a subsurface vertical flow CW system, and a third horizontal flow CW. The sludge of the Imhoff tank is treated in a sludge composting bed. The performances of the different components as well as the whole treatment system were presented based on 3 months monitoring. The results shown in this paper are related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal as well as to reduction of micro-organisms. The mean overall removal rates of the Chorfech WWTPP during the monitored period have been, respectively, equal to 97% for total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 95% for chemical oxygen demand, 71% for total nitrogen and 82% for P-PO4. The removal of E. coli by the whole system is 2.5 log units. 相似文献
103.
Muhammad Waseem Rizwan Ahmed Muhammad Irfan Shahid Qamar 《Quantum Information Processing》2013,12(12):3649-3664
We present a scheme for the implementation of three-qubit Grover’s algorithm using four-level superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) coupled to a superconducting resonator. The scheme is based on resonant, off-resonant interaction of the cavity field with SQUIDs and application of classical microwave pulses. We show that adjustment of SQUID level spacings during the gate operations, adiabatic passage, and second-order detuning are not required that leads to faster implementation. We also show that the marked state can be searched with high fidelity even in the presence of unwanted off-resonant interactions, level decay, and cavity dissipation. 相似文献
104.
We propose a new formulation of quantum algorithm which allows to distribute amplitudes over two copies of small quantum subsystems. The new method gives a fixed number of copies and applied to the control of multi-qubit system. The analysis for the amount of error due to the distribution process has been presented for a system of 10 qubits with a small quantum subsystems to be copied. The present scheme provides a new way to distribute amplitudes over small quantum subsystems. 相似文献
105.
Although CAD tools have significantly assisted electronic system simulation, the system-level optoelectronics modeling field has lagged behind due to a lack of simulation methodologies and tools. Optisim, a system-level modeling and simulation methodology of optical interconnects for HPC systems, can provide computer architects, designers, and researchers with a highly optimized, efficient, and accurate discrete-event environment to test various HPC systems. 相似文献
106.
A fundamental challenge in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to maximize their lifetimes especially when they have a limited and non-replenishable energy supply. To extend the network lifetime, power management and energy-efficient communication techniques at all layers become necessary. In this paper, we present solutions for the data gathering and routing problem with in-network aggregation in WSNs. Our objective is to maximize the network lifetime by utilizing data aggregation and in-network processing techniques. We particularly focus on the joint problem of optimal data routing with data aggregation en route such that the above mentioned objective is achieved. We present Grid-based Routing and Aggregator Selection Scheme (GRASS), a scheme for WSNs that can achieve low energy dissipation and low latency without sacrificing quality. GRASS embodies optimal (exact) as well as heuristic approaches to find the minimum number of aggregation points while routing data to the Base-Station (BS) such that the network lifetime is maximized. Our results show that, when compared to other schemes, GRASS improves system lifetime with acceptable levels of latency in data aggregation and without sacrificing data quality. 相似文献
107.
G. H. Sedahmed A. M. Ahmed M. E. El-Rafey A. Y. Hosney E. A. Ayob 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》1995,25(7):677-681
Rates of free convection mass transfer inside cylindrical cavities were studied by measuring the limiting current for the cathodic deposition of copper from acidified copper sulphate solution using a cylindrical anode placed inside the cavity. Variables studied were cavity orientation (vertical with upward facing opening, vertical with downward facing opening and horizontal), physical properties of the solution and cavity dimensions (diameter and depth). For vertical cavities with upward facing openings the data were correlated by the equation Sh = 0.257 (Sc × Gr)0.33 For horizontal cavities the data were correlated by the equation Sh = 0.139 (Sc × Gr)0.33 For vertical cavities with downward facing openings the data were correlated by the equation Sh = 0.187 (Sc × Gr)0.297 A comparison between the present data and the data obtained from other cavity geometries was made to shed light on the role of cavity geometry in thermosyphon design.List of symbols
a, b
constants
-
A
cavity area
-
C
copper sulphate bulk concentration
-
C
p
specific heat
-
D
diffusivity
-
d
cavity diameter
-
F
Faraday constant
-
g
acceleration due to gravity
-
h
heat transfer coefficient
-
I
L
limiting current
-
k
thermal conductivity
-
K
mass transfer coefficient
-
L
cavity depth
-
L
c
characteristic length calculated from Equation 3
-
Z
number of electrons involved in the reaction
-
Gr
Grashof number (gL
c
3/2/i)
-
Nu
Nusselt number (hL
c/k
-
Pr
Prandtl number (C
pµ/k)
-
Sc
Schmidt number (/D)
-
Sh
Sherwood number (KL
c/D)
-
Ra
Rayleigh number (Sc × Gr) or (Pr × Gr)
Greek letters µ
dynamic viscosity of the electrolyte
-
kinematic viscosity of the electrolyte
-
density of the electrolyte
- i
interfacial density
-
density difference between the bulk solution and interfacial solution 相似文献
108.
Rotation-invariant target detection using a trained filter-feature-based joint Fourier transform (JFT) correlator is investigated. First, a composite reference image is obtained from a training set of targets. An optimum filter formulation is then applied on this composite image to come up with a new feature that we refer to as a filter feature. This feature is then used in a JFT correlator, which results in a simple and robust rotation-invariant target recognition system. 相似文献
109.
For studying flow problems involved with complex physics it is now common to use numerical field methods for solving Navier-Stokes or Euler equations. However, for a large class of fluid mechanics problems, which can be dealt with linearized potential equations, the boundary element method proves to be quite useful, especially for its easy application and relatively less computational effort compared to the field methods. The boundary element method has undergone some significant advancements in the last decade with respect to the study of steady and unsteady flow problems concerning wing aerodynamics in compressible medium, flow fields of propellers and rotors and acoustical disturbance propagation from moving bodies. In this paper a few recent contributions which evolved in the DLR as research projects and as doctoral and diploma thesis of the Technical University Braunschweig are concisely described.List of symbols
a
Sound velocity
-
b
Span of a wing
-
c
p
Coefficient of static pressure
-
c
dp
Coefficient of profile drag
-
c
1, c
d, cm
Coefficient of lift, drag and moment per unit span width
-
c
L, cD, cM
Total lift, drag and moment-coefficients
-
c
T, cP
Thrust and power-coefficient of a propeller
-
d
Distance
- D
Doublet strength
-
e
Specific heat energy
-
E
Total energy in a moving medium element
-
f
Frequency
-
F
Field point
-
g
Gravitational acceleration
-
h
Radial distance in cylinder coordinates
-
I
1, I
2
Inducing functions
-
i, j, k
Unit vectors in cartesian coordinates
-
k
Wave number [/a
]
-
l
Local wing-chord
-
l
0, l
v
Length of singularity element at t
oand t
v
-
m
Notation for Fourier-component
-
M, M
*
Mach number based on local and critical sound speed
-
n
Number of rotation per second
- n
Unit normal vector to a surface 相似文献
110.
Omar Ahmed Emam Serag Ahmed Farag Nagy Haliem Aziz 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1995,201(6):557-561
Powdered black pepper from Egyptian markets, was irradiated with different recommended doses of gamma rays (5.0 and 10.0 kGy) and with microwaves for different periods (20, 40 and 75 s) to improve its hygienic quality. The most common bacterial isolates were of three generaBacillus, Clostridium andMicrococcus (7.5 × 106), whereas the predominant fungi (7.8 × 104) wereAspergillus species,A. glaucus, A. flavus, A. niger andA. ochraceus. Doses of gamma irradiation used (5.0 and 10 kGy) were sufficient to decrease spore-forming bacteria (SFB) and to inhibit the fungal flora and coliforms which contaminated the black pepper powder. Microwave treatments for 40 s and 75 s were of the same effectiveness whereas treatment for 20 s was less so. GLC analysis proved the presence of 31 peaks, only 19 compounds were identified as monoterpene hydrocarbons (56.21%), the major one being -phellandrene and limonene. Sesquiterpenes were also present, mainly -caryollphyllene (3.69%) as well as oxygenated compounds such as terpenol, geraniol, Me-chavicol, eugenol and anisol. Gamma irradiation at 5 kGy and 10 kGy respectively decreased the numbers of identified compounds from 21 (86.58% concentration) in untreated pepper to 16 (59.22% concentration), 15 (54.06% concentration). In comparison, microwave treatments, particularly for 40 s and 75 s, increased the concentration of the same compounds. The results obtained indicate that microwave treatment, under these conditions, is a safe and suitable technique for decontamination of black pepper which does not result in a great loss of flavour compounds, as compared with recommended doses of gamma irradiation. 相似文献