Kapazit?t der verschiedenen Teile des Verdauungsapparates des Rothirsches (Cervus elaphus L.)

Zusammenfassung An drei Hirschen wurden die Gewichte und Volumina des Verdauungstraktes festgestellt. Die absolute und relative Kaparität, das Verhältnis der Kapazität zum Körpergewicht sowie die Länge und Gewichte der einzelnen Verdauungsabschnitte und deren Inhalt sind in Tabellen angegeben.

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Summary In case of three red deer weights and volumes of the digestive tract were stated. Absolute and relative capacity, the relation of capacity to body weights as well as length and weights of different digestive sections and their contents have been stated in tables.

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Résumé Sur trios cerfs on déterminait les poids et les volumes de l'appareil de la digestion. La capacité absolue et relative, la rélation de la capacité au poids du corps, ainsi que la longueur et les poids des diffrentes sections digestives et leur contenu sont présentés en tableaux.

     

Influence of flexible segment length on the phase structure and properties of poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-block-biopolytetrahydrofuran copolymers

Two series of biobased poly(ether-ester)s comprised of poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PHF) as the rigid segments and biopolytetrahydrofuran (pTHF) with different molecular masses (1000 and 2000 g/mol) as the flexible segments were synthesized employing polycondensation in the molten state. The study mainly focuses on comparing these two series in terms of the length of the flexible segment. The content of pTHF segments in the copolymer chains varied from 25 to 75 wt.%. The molecular structure and composition, phase structure, and thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). In addition, mechanical performance and thermo-oxidative and thermal stability have been investigated. Moreover, cyclic tensile properties were studied to evaluate the elastic properties. ¹H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies demonstrate that the syntheses were correctly carried out, which made it possible to obtain the desired compositions of the block copolymers with high molecular masses. The decrease in T_m1, T_c1, and X_cPHF values was visible, along with the increase in the flexible segment content. Moreover, the characteristic properties measured by PALS and the values of temperatures designated from TGA (inert and oxidizing atmosphere) did not vary between copolymer series PHF-b-F-pTHF1000 and PHF-b-F-pTHF2000. In turn, along with an increase in flexible segment content and the length of the pTHF, the values of tensile modulus, stress at break, and hardness decrease, while the value of elongation at break increases.     

Unique very low-frequency heart rate variability during deep sleep in humans

We investigate heart rate variability (HRV) in the very low-frequency (VLF) range (0.003-0.04 Hz) during deep sleep in good sleepers. Spectral analysis of HRV during deep sleep reveals consistent peaks at <0.04 Hz. By using wavelet analysis, we find both stationary and nonstationary periodic patterns in the VLF range, the presence of which has been discussed but has not been fully established to date. Although the mechanism(s) behind the unique VLF oscillations remain to be fully explored, we conjecture that there is an endogenous rhythmic component in human HRV in the VLF range. Further, our results also suggest a need for caution in the interpretation of the VLF spectral power in HRV during deep sleep.     

Effect of dietary mixture of gallic acid and linoleic acid on antioxidative potential and quality of breast meat from broilers

The effect of dietary mixture of gallic acid and linoleic acid (MGL) on the antioxidative potential and quality of breast meat from broilers was investigated. Broilers during the 22–36 days on trial received 3 dietary treatments: 1) control (commercial finisher diet), 2) 0.5% MGL (gallic acid:linoleic acid = 1 M:1 M), and 3) 1.0% MGL. The feed efficiency, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS⁺ reducing activity, reducing power, TBARS, and total phenolic content in the breast from the broilers improved significantly by 1.0% MGL dietary treatment. Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were higher in the broilers fed both levels of MGL diets. In addition, water holding capacity of the breast was enhanced by the 1.0% dietary MGL treatment and was accompanied by a slight antimicrobial activity (1 decimal reduction) during storage. In conclusion, 1.0% dietary supplementation with MGL can improve the antioxidative potential, and nutritional and functional qualities of broiler breast meat.     

Drawbacks of impedance networks

This paper presents the influence of voltage‐fed impedance networks, known as Z‐source and quasi–Z‐source, as well as some more sophisticated networks on the static and dynamic properties of voltage source inverters. The impedance networks increase output voltage distortions with the second harmonic of the fundamental harmonic and decrease the power efficiency. The distortions of the output voltage increase for the discontinuous current mode of the impedance network. The DC voltage boost factor depends on the impedance network power losses. The impedance networks add 2 resonant frequencies that are very close each other to the control transfer function of the inverter in the frequency range that is close to the fundamental frequency. The influence of the impedance network on the control transfer function depends on the effective damping resistance in the impedance network. The impedance network operation during the “shoot‐through” time increases the damping of the inverter output filter. The effective damping resistances and the inductance of the coils depend on the power losses in the magnetic materials. Theoretical models along with experimental verification can help to estimate the real influence of impedance networks on the inverter properties.     

Ion Exchange of the Organometallic Aqua‐Ion fac‐[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ from Aqueous Solutions

Dynamic (column) studies on the ion exchange of triaquatricarbonyltechnetium(I) cation, fac‐[^99mTc(CO)₃(H₂O)₃]⁺ (1), in the system: amphoteric ion exchange resin (Purolite S‐950) ‐ aqueous HNO₃ solutions (0.05–2 M) corroborate the +1 charge of 1. Stability constants of fac‐[^99mTc(CO)₃(H₂O)_3?nCl_n]^1?n complexes, determined from the distribution coefficients in the system anion exchanger (Dowex 1X4) ‐ aqueous HCl solutions (0.1–12 M) differ from the literature values determined at a constant ionic strength. This difference, resulting from the decrease in the activity of water with increasing HCl concentration, may be a measure of the effect of non‐constant ionic strength on ion‐exchange equilibria. Weak acidic properties of 1 in aqueous solution at n.c.a. (no carrier added) level (pK_a ?9) have been demonstrated by paper electrophoresis.     

Hydrodynamics of the Pulsed Fluid Bed with Cyclically Relocated Gas Stream with Lengthwise Pulsation

The hydrodynamics studies of the pulsed fluid bed (PFB) with lengthwise pulsation are reported in the article. The pulsed fluid bed with lengthwise pulsation is a modification of the classical PFB. In the PFB dryer with lengthwise pulsation, the disk gas distributor cyclically relocates the gas stream to each pressure chamber situated under the grid, parallel to the lengthwise axis of the main chamber. Such structure of a dryer is more compact than the previous ones. The operation range, pressure drops, and bed structure of a new system with lengthwise pulsation have been shown.     

The effect of Pd/Al2O3 pretreatment on catalytic activity in cyclopentane/deuterium exchange

Big variations in overall activity and product selectivity in the cyclopentane/deuterium exchange reaction were found in effect of various pretreatments of two chlorine‐free Pd/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalysts. The most important changes are observed when severely prereduced (at 600 °C) Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts have been reoxidised and mildly rereduced: the multiple type of exchange, typical of mildly pretreated Pd catalysts, is replaced by a stepwise mode, and a big increase in catalytic activity occurs. At this state, the Pd/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalysts retain some water (as surface hydroxyls) generated by reoxidation and mild reduction. Deuterium spillover from Pd onto alumina and changes in acidity of alumina are invoked to rationalize the kinetic results. Changes in the state of Pd after various pretreatments, as probed by temperature‐programmed hydride decomposition, can hardly be correlated with changes in the catalytic behaviour in the exchange reaction. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Structure and Surface Properties of Zirconia-Supported Molybdena Obtained by Slurry Deposition

A series of MoO₃/t-ZrO₂ catalysts was prepared by slurry deposition. Structural studies revealed that the presence of MoO₃ had no influence on the phase composition of zirconia support. IR/RS and EPR results confirmed that both isolated and polymeric (2D) oxomolybdenum species occurred on catalysts surface. Adsorption of NO resulted in the reduction of molybdenum centers with simultaneous formation of surface nitrates.