Integrated design of fault localization and survivable mapping in IP over transparent WDM networks

Lightpaths play multiple critical roles in cross-layer fault management of IP over transparent optical networks. While the roles of lightpaths have been discussed specifically in fault localization as well as fault recovery phases, these existing works only take a sporadic, piecemeal view of these roles by studying each of them individually as a separate lightpath routing problem. In this paper, we instead take an integrated, systematic view by considering these multiple roles jointly as one single lightpath routing problem. In particular, we propose a new design model to fulfill the lightpath layout requirements in both identifying fiber link failures for fault localization and ensuring IP topology connectivity for fault recovery. With a much smaller formulation size, our new model significantly outperforms the existing counterpart in computational efficiency, scalability, and solution quality.     

WSN中基于多分辨率和压缩感知的数据融合方案

当前基于压缩感知的传感器网络数据融合方案中,不论数据字段有何特征,均假设网络具有固定而均匀的压缩阈值,从而导致数据通信量过高,能耗浪费较大。提出一种基于多分辨率和压缩感知的数据融合方案。首先,对传感器网络进行配置,以生成多个层次类型不同的簇结构,用于过渡式数据收集,在该结构上,最低层的叶节点只传输原始数据,其他层的数据收集簇进行压缩采样;然后将其测量值向上发送,当母数据收集簇收到测量值时,利用基于反向DCT和DCT模型的CoSaMP算法恢复原始数据;最后,在SIDnet-SWANS平台上部署了该方案,并在不同的二维随机部署传感器网络规模下进行了测试。实验结果表明,随着分层位置的变化,大部分节点的能耗均显著降低,与NCS方案相比,能耗下降50%~77%,与HCS方案相比,能耗下降37%~70%。     

A Novel Dynamic Fault Restoration Mechanism Using a Multiple Ring Approach in WDM Mesh Networks

This work describes a distributed fault restoration algorithm, called the Dynamic Multiple Ring Algorithm (DMRA), for application in WDM mesh networks. This study explores the choice of restoration paths and the assignment of fault-tolerant bandwidth when a link, node, or channel failure occurs according to the change in traffic load, number of nodes, and transmission delay including propagation and switching delays. Accordingly, the primary aim of this work is to use networking segments near faults to share the restoration load throughout a mesh network. Each node searches for restoration paths in their near environment using the proposed DMRA. Nodes use distributed control to search for neighboring nodes and to establish the relationship between them to build numerous logical rings. Nodes can also locate faults in the logical rings. These rings establish the restoration paths. The traffic load over failed links or nodes can be diverted to other paths in the networking segments. The cost of the restoration paths is computed at each node based on both the current capacity and the transmission delay. The selected restoration paths are suitable transmission routes in the network neighborhood. Hence, restoration paths can be identified and wavelength assigned quickly according to network bandwidth and traffic load. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method works extremely quickly and has a high success rate. Consequently, it is very useful for applications in real WDM networks, where the status varies from minute to minute.Corresponding author is presently a guest scientist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. This research was partially supported by the Grant of National Science Council, ROC (NSC-92-2218-E-155-004 and NSC-93-2917-I-155-001).     

多模光纤布里渊散射角及频移的分析与计算

为了确定多模光纤布里渊频移的取值范围,进而评价多模光纤布里渊分布式传感系统的性能,从多模光纤的结构出发,根据射线光学理论分析了多模光纤中的布里渊散射过程,提出了确定布里渊散射角取值范围的方法,得到了阶跃型和渐变型多模光纤布里渊散射角的取值范围为两倍的全反射临界角到π,进而得到布里渊频移的变化范围为10.978~11.083 GHz,该结论为多模光纤布里渊分布式传感系统的设计和优化提供了理论依据。     

SDL的静态语义定义框架

Ｓ Ｄ Ｌ 语言自身的形式化描述对于该语言的不断发展、完善将发挥重要的核心作用。 Ｓ Ｄ Ｌ－ ９２的形式语义已无法充分满足应用需要,本文对 Ｓ Ｄ Ｌ 现有的静态语义定义方法进行了深入的分析,提出了一种基于抽象语法树和谓词演算的 Ｓ Ｄ Ｌ 静态语义定义方法。     

透射式碲铷光电阴极的工艺和特性研究

主要介绍对紫外敏感的碲铷光电阴极的工艺和特性研究,采用“分步重复”和微碲处理等工艺手法,可有效地提高光电阴极灵敏度和改善光谱性能。同时对其日盲性能进行探讨,得出该阴极的日盲特性和暗电流特性优于同类碲铯,碲铯铷光电阴极的结论。     

Complexity of gradient projection method for optimal routing indata networks

In this paper, we derive a time-complexity bound for the gradient projection method for optimal routing in data networks. This result shows that the gradient projection algorithm of Goldstein-Levitin-Poljak type formulated by Bertsekas (1982), Bertsekas and Gallager (1987) and Bertsekas et al. (1984) converges to within ε in relative accuracy in O(ε^-2h_minN_max) number of iterations, where N_max is the number of paths sharing the maximally shared link, and h_min is the diameter of the network. Based on this complexity result, we also show that the one-source-at-a-time update policy has a complexity bound which is O(n) times smaller than that of the all-at-a-time update policy, where n is the number of nodes in the network. The result of this paper argues for constructing networks with low diameter for the purpose of reducing complexity of the network control algorithms. The result also implies that parallelizing the optimal routing algorithm over the network nodes is beneficial     

Membrane polarization induced in the myocardium by defibrillationfields: an idealized 3-D finite element bidomain/monodomain torso model

This study develops a three-dimensional finite element torso model with bidomain myocardium to simulate the transmembrane potential (TMP) of the heart induced by defibrillation fields. The inhomogeneities of the torso are modeled as eccentric spherical volumes with both the curvature and the rotation features of cardiac fibers incorporated in the myocardial region. The numerical computation of the finite element bidomain myocardial model is validated by a semianalytic solution. The simulations show that rotation of fiber orientation through the depth of the myocardial wall changes the pattern of polarization and decreases the amount of cardiac tissue polarized compared to the idealized analytic model with no fiber rotation incorporated. The TMP induced by transthoracic and transvenous defibrillation fields are calculated and visualized. The TMP is quantified by a continuous measure of the percentage of myocardial mass above a potential gradient threshold. Using this measure, the root mean square differences in TMP distribution produced by reversing the electrode polarity for anterior-posterior and transvenous electrode configurations are 13.6 and 28.6%, respectively. These results support the claim that a bidomain model of the heart predicts a change of defibrillation threshold with reversed electrode polarity     

Ultra‐Broadband Wide‐Angle Terahertz Absorption Properties of 3D Graphene Foam

As a next generation of detection technology, terahertz technology is very promising. In this work, a highly efficient terahertz wave absorber based on 3D graphene foam (3DG) is first reported. Excellent terahertz absorption property at frequency ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 THz is obtained owing to faint surface reflection and enormous internal absorption. By precise control of the constant properties for 3DG, the reflection loss (RL) value of 19 dB is acquired and the qualified frequency bandwidth (with RL value over 10 dB) covers 95% of the entire measured bandwidth at normal incidence, which far surpasses most reported materials. More importantly, the terahertz absorption performance of 3DG enhances obviously with increasing the incidence while majority of materials become invalid at oblique incidence, instead. At the incidence of 45°, the maximum RL value increases 50% from 19 to 28.6 dB and the qualified frequency bandwidth covers 100% of the measured bandwidth. After considering all core indicators involving density, qualified bandwidth, and RL values, the specific average terahertz absorption (SATA) property is investigated. The SATA value of 3DG is over 3000 times higher than those of other materials in open literatures.     

Mutual coupling of two collocated orthogonally oriented circular thin-wire loops

Coupling between two collocated orthogonal circular thin-wire loops is analyzed in this paper. Two coupled integral equations for the loop currents are derived and their solution in general form is found in terms of Fourier series. An analytical expression for currents induced through the mutual coupling is obtained for the case when all loop current harmonics higher than first can be ignored. It is found that strong coupling can exist for all loop current harmonics, except for the fundamental. It is also found that coupling for orthogonal collocated loop antennas depends on the relative locations of the loop terminals.