Synthesis of amphiphilic magnetic microspheres by dispersion copolymerization of styrene and poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomer

Amphiphilic magnetic microspheres ranging in diameter from 5 to 100 µm were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of styrene and poly(ethylene oxide) vinylbenzyl (PEO‐VB) macromonomer (MPEO) in the presence of Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid. The effects of various polymerization parameters on the average particle size were systematically investigated. The average particle size was found to increase with increasing styrene concentration and initiator concentration. It also increased with decreasing stabilizer concentration and molecular weight of MPEO. The content of the hydroxyl groups localized in the microspheres ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 mmol g^?1. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

The Solutions for Adjustment and Reconstruction of Water-Drive Surface Systems in the Old Areas of Daqing Oilfield

Introduction 　　Owing to long-time running, more facilities including stations, pipelines, vessels have become corrosive and aged ,some process has grown old, it has exert more burden for the maintenance and repair.Simultaneously, the fluid production rate, oil production rate and water injection rate has changed greatly so that the inflicts and problems from the established surface systems will become more obvious. Energy cost of production and running has increasing continuously. Capacity has been unbalance in systems and areas. 　　……     

Influence of ethyl methacrylate content on the volume‐phase transition of temperature‐sensitive poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(ethyl methacrylate)] microgels

A novel series of temperature‐sensitive poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(ethyl methacrylate)] (p(NIPAM‐co‐EMA)) microgels was prepared by the surfactant‐free radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with ethyl methacrylate (EMA). The shape, size dispersity and volume‐phase transition behavior of the microgels were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transmission electron micrographs and DLS results showed that microgels with narrow distributions were prepared. It was shown from UV–Vis, DLS and DSC measurements that the volume‐phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the p(NIPAM‐co‐EMA) microgels decreased with increasing incorporation of EMA, but the temperature‐sensitivity was impaired when more EMA was incorporated, causing the volume‐phase transition of the microgels to become more continuous. It is noteworthy that incorporation of moderate amounts of EMA could not only lower the VPTT but also enhance the temperature‐sensitivity of the microgels. The reason for this phenomenon could be attributed to changes in the complicated interactions between the various molecules. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis: a continued work

Previous work has shown that the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse could be greatly enhanced by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment. There are several factors affecting the enzymatic digestibility of the biomass, including lignin and hemicelluloses content, cellulose crystallinity, acetyl group content, accessible surface area and so on. The objective of this work is to analyze the mechanism of the enhancement of enzymatic digestibility caused by PAA pretreatment. Delignification resulted in an increase of the surface area and reduction of the irreversible absorption of cellulase, which helped to increase the enzymatic digestibility. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed that the absorption peaks of aromatic skeletal vibrations were weakened or disappeared after PAA pretreatment. However, the infrared crystallization index (N.O'KI) was increased. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the crystallinity of PAA‐treated samples was increased owing to the partial removal of amorphous lignin and hemicelluloses and probable physical change of cellulose. The effect of acetyl group content on enzymatic digestibility is negligible compared with the degree of delignification and crystallinity. The results indicate that enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by PAA pretreatment is achieved mainly by delignification and an increase in the surface area and exposure of cellulose fibers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Asymmetric Regulation System Fit for Chinese Telecom Market

After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chin...     

风管摩擦阻力的直接计算方法

提出用高精度的反映密度、黏度和温度关系的经验公式和Colebrook公式计算风管摩擦阻力系数的方法。分析和算例表明，用该方法计算，计算结果比采用常用工程设计方法更为准确，为应用计算机进行风道设计提供了直接、简便的方法。     

重馏分油加氢脱氮反应动力学模型的研究

简要地介绍了一些典型的模型氮化物的ＨＤＮ反应规律。根据胜利ＶＧＯ在３７２２Ｂ催化剂上的大量ＨＤＮ实验数据，提出了如下的ＨＤＮ基本反应动力学方程：ｄＣＮｄｔ＝－ｋ１＋Ｋ＊ＣＮＣＮＰＨ２为了扩大上式的应用范围，详细分析了各种因素（如原料油种类和馏程及Ｈ２Ｓ等）对ＨＤＮ的影响，并开发了相应的经验关联式，从而得到了一个较完整的馏分油ＨＤＮ反应动力学模型。验证实验表明，该模型是成功的。     

An inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I from Xenopus laevis ovaries

A novel, heat-resistant and Pronase-sensitive, inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I has been purified from Xenopus laevis ovaries. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the most purified fraction revealed three bands with apparent molecular masses of 25, 28.5, and 33.5 kDa. The 25- and 33.5-kDa peptides recovered from an SDS-PAGE gel inhibited X. laevis DNA topoisomerase I. The purified inhibitor was specific to DNA topoisomerase I and did not inhibit other DNA enzymes tested. The inhibitor blocked the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase I by interacting with the enzyme, rather than by competing for binding sites on substrate DNA. Binding of DNA topoisomerase I to substrate DNA was blocked by the inhibitor, as was the cleavage reaction catalyzed by DNA topoisomerase I. Inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I was relieved by divalent cations Ca2+, Mg2+, or Mn2+.