桂中坳陷南丹地区中—下泥盆统塘丁组富有机质页岩储层特征

滇黔桂盆地桂中坳陷南丹地区泥盆系页岩特征研究较少。为了进一步评价该地区下—中泥盆统塘丁组页岩气勘探前景,以野外露头剖面观察和钻井资料为基础,结合薄片鉴定,对该地区泥盆系页岩特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)桂中坳陷泥盆纪广泛海侵和陆内裂陷使该地区发展成为"台—盆相间"格局,台盆环境发育大量页岩和碳质泥岩,其中塘丁组为一套黑色、深灰色、灰黑色泥页岩沉积,具有页岩气开发潜力;(2)塘丁组泥页岩厚度大,有机质丰度高(有机碳含量介于0.38%~4.21%),成熟度介于1.5%~3.6%,储层微孔隙发育,脆性矿物含量适中(介于44%~76%),具备形成页岩气的资源基础和成藏条件;(3)南丹地区塘丁组发育有连续且具一定厚度的页岩地层,其地化特征、物性特征及沉积厚度可与北美及四川页岩气储层对比。结论认为该区塘丁组页岩具有较好的页岩气勘探潜力,塘丁组上段页岩气开发潜力好于下段。     

LNG冷能用于催化重整装置的研究

以某炼油厂2.3 Mt/a催化重整装置为研究对象,利用HYSYS软件对现有催化重整工艺进行了模拟。针对原装置存在流程复杂、电能消耗大等缺点,考虑通过将LNG冷能用于催化重整装置以实现对原流程的改进,在对塔参数进行优化的基础上,利用夹点技术对改进流程进行了换热网络优化,使得公用工程用量最小。最后,对LNG参与的换热过程进行火用分析及能级分析,以保证温位匹配的合理性。改进后的流程省去了压缩再接触部分,电负荷可降低了11.027 MW,氢气分离压力由2.65 MPa降低为0.34 MPa,氢气摩尔分数由94%提高到98%,回收能量18.967 MW,减小了冷热公用工程用量。通过对LNG冷能利用进行各换热装置和整体换热流程的火用分析和能级分析后对其使用效果进行评价,表明LNG冷能利用合理。     

鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷北段桌子山组白云岩碳氧同位素特征及意义

通过空间展布和不同类型白云岩的碳氧同位素特征,诠释了鄂尔多斯盆地西部天环坳陷北段奥陶系桌子山组白云岩的成因和储层地质学意义。研究区白云岩主要有微-粉晶白云岩、残余砂屑细晶白云岩和细-中晶白云岩3种,其中微-粉晶白云岩δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O平均值为0.78‰和-5.0‰;残余砂屑细晶白云岩δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O平均值为0.53‰和-6.5‰;细-中晶白云岩δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O平均值为0.47‰和-6.3‰。桌子山组白云岩碳氧同位素的组成位于正常海相碳酸盐岩范围之内,说明其白云石化流体来源于囚禁的古海水。白云岩碳氧同位素演化特征及成岩作用特征,指示微-粉晶白云岩为准同生阶段白云石化的产物,而残余砂屑细晶白云岩及细-中晶白云岩则为浅埋藏白云石化的产物。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏氮气驱效果影响因素

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏以大型溶洞、溶蚀孔洞及裂缝为主要的储集空间,具有非均质性强、缝洞结构复杂的特点,气驱是该类油藏重要的开发方式之一。为探索缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏气驱动态特征、驱油效果的影响因素及规律,建立二维典型缝洞可视化模型,研究不同类型剩余油启动效果,并结合氮气驱物理模拟驱油效果定量对比,分析氮气驱效果的影响因素。研究结果表明:氮气驱可进一步启动水驱未波及区域的剩余油;氮气驱效果及油、气、水流动特征受到溶洞充填方式、原油粘度和底水能量等因素影响,溶洞充填方式主要影响流体的渗流特征,在一定程度上有利于扩大氮气驱波及范围;原油粘度和底水能量影响氮气和底水的相互作用,改变压力场的分布;在强底水作用下,水窜更为明显,但能改善氮气驱效果,提高采收率。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏CO2注入方式及部位优化

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏以大型溶洞、溶蚀孔洞及裂缝为主要储集渗流空间,连通方式复杂,非均质性强。CO_2吞吐及CO_2驱替可通过补充地层能量及溶解降粘作用来改善油田开发效果,是一种有效的开发方式。根据现场地质资料,设计并制作室内三维仿真物理模型以模拟典型缝洞油藏单元,通过室内实验模拟CO_2吞吐及CO_2驱替过程,分析生产动态,考察高、低部位井CO_2吞吐的增产效果,并对比高、低部位井CO_2吞吐与驱替对采出程度的影响,在此基础上分析缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注气替油机理。实验结果表明:利用底水与次生气顶间的相互作用及井位优势,高部位井CO_2吞吐比低部位井CO_2吞吐采收率高16.09%;利用吞吐与驱替过程中不同的气体控制范围,高、低部位井CO_2吞吐采收率比CO_2驱替采收率分别高8.07%和5.01%,CO_2吞吐效果优于CO_2驱替效果。     

Optimum block-adaptive learning algorithm for errorback-propagation networks

An optimum block-adaptive learning rate (OBALR) backpropagation (BP) algorithm for training feedforward neural networks with an arbitrary number of neuron layers is described. The algorithm uses block-smoothed gradient as direction for descent and no momentum term, but produces an optimum block-adaptive learning rate which is constant within each block and is updated adaptively at the beginning of each block iteration so that it is kept optimum in a sense of minimizing the approximate output mean-square error of the block. Several computer simulations were tested on learning a deterministic chaos time-series mapping. The OBALR BP algorithm not only overcame the difficulty in choosing good values of the two parameters, but also provided significant improvement on learning speed and descent capability over the standard BP algorithm     

热红外多光谱遥感技术金矿调查应用研究

根据航空遥感实验获取的TIMS图象,利用计算机图象处理主成分分析和去相关等方法,并依据TIMS成象机制,提取出花岗岩、斜长片麻岩以及粘土化、硅化等蚀变岩岩性和丰富的断层信息,结合金矿化带光谱特征,圈出金矿化异常区,同时TIMS图象也显示了该地区北北东向金矿成矿主断层控制金矿化的规律,现有分析成果表明热红外多光谱扫描仪所获得的图象数据在岩性和金矿化带的识别上,以及增强断层信息方面有较好效果.     

The influence of light on the chroma of aviation kerosene

Influence of light on the chroma of low pressure hydrogenation aviation kerosene was studied using different lights (ultraviolet light, infrared light, sunlight and no light) in the same environment full of oxygen. UV light with short wavelength has the largest influence. Coloring substances were isolated by adsorption on neutral alumina followed by ether extraction and identified by using infrared spectrum, elemental analysis and two-dimensional GC-MS. Oxygen-containing compounds are main coloring substances. Light can provide the required energy to convert unsaturated hydrocarbons and heteroatom compounds to phenols, quinones and ketones.     

Characteristics of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from asphaltene pyrolysis and the geochemical significance

In order to study the mechanism of gas generation from the asphaltene, the thermal pyrolysis simulation experiment of the asphaltene is carried out by using high temperature and high pressure closed system. During asphaltene pyrolysis, the amount of methane is constantly increased but those of ethane, propane, and butane + pentane are all first increased and then decreased and eventually go to zero with the increase of the experiment temperature. And the dynamic parameters of gaseous hydrocarbon generation can be used to analyze the dynamic procedure of the asphaltene pyrolysis at the geological scale. The experimental results can perfect the theory of the origin of natural gas and provide an evidence for source judgment and resource evaluation of natural gas in marine strata in China.