Synthesis and properties of new polymerized monomer reactants matrix resins of pyrrolone–benzimidazole copolymers containing pyridine unit

A series of new polymerized monomer reactants (PMR) matrix resins of poly(pyrrolone‐benzimidazole)s containing a pyridine unit (PPBP) were synthesized by polycondensation of monoethyl ester of cis‐5‐norbornene‐endo‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, 2,6‐diphenyl ester pyridinedicarboxylic acid or 3,5‐diphenyl ester pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and diethyl ester of 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic acid with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine in a mixing solution of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and N‐methylpyrrolidone under given temperature and pressure conditions. The resulting resin solutions showed good solubility in polar organic solvents and stability at room temperature. The corresponding PPBP matrix resin, molded powder, and molded plate were prepared by undergoing amidation, imidization, cyclization, and crosslinking reactions when the reaction temperature was increased from 80 to 350°C, successively; the crosslinking structure was formed by the reverse Diels–Alder reaction at 270–290°C under 50 MPa pressure (2.5–3.5 MPa displayed by the pressure meter). The chemical reactions and properties of the resulting PPBP were studied by means of FTIR, TGA, and DMA methods, and the results indicated that the kinds of PPBP materials retain excellent thermal stability and processability; when the initial decomposition temperature was above 620°C the T_g was at 413.5°C for 3,5‐PPBP‐20 molded plate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3981–3990, 2004     

核壳型聚苯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合乳液的制备

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,用种子乳液聚合方法,合成出以聚苯乙烯(PSt)为核, 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为壳的复合乳液。透射电子显微镜观察了核壳复合乳胶粒的形态,光散射粒径分布仪(PCS)测量胶乳粒径大小及其分布。最终成功地制得了核壳型PS/PMMA复合乳液,所得复合乳胶粒粒径大小在60～90nm左右,且单分散性较好。     

Curing process of powdered phenol–formaldehyde resol resins and the role of water in the curing systems

The curing behavior of two kinds of commercial powdered resol phenolic resins was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Liquid‐state ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy was used to aid in understanding the curing behavior by detecting the structure of powdered resins. The reaction mechanism was interpreted with the dependency of activation energy on the degree of conversion. The results indicate that there are differences in the curing mechanism between core and face phenolic resins. The curing process of core resin was faster than that of face resin at the same reaction temperature. The water added in the curing system played an important role of plasticizer or diluent according to different curing stages and water content. In the initial curing stage, water mainly diluted the system and retarded the curing reactions. However, at the higher degrees of conversion, water played the role of plasticizer to decrease the effect of diffusion on the curing reactions to make the curing reactions more complete. The excess water added in the curing system played the role of diluent at almost all stages during the curing process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1371–1378, 2003     

四丁基氢氧化胺模板磷酸铝对铬(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

研究了四丁基氢氧化胺模板磷酸铝对水中重金属离子铬(Ⅵ)的吸附特性。结果表明:四丁基氢氧化胺模板磷酸铝对铬(Ⅵ)吸附的最佳pH值和铬(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度分别为2.0和40mg/L,且其吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。     

基于ECT的高速数据采集系统设计

数据采集系统的速度制约了电容层析成像技术在航空发动机气路监测系统等高速设备中的应用。为此,设计了一种基于FPGA的新型电容数据采集系统,采用DDR2存储技术和PCI总线技术实现了数据的高速传输。同时应用卡尔曼滤波器代替传统的FIR滤波器,有效提高了滤波效率。测试结果表明,该系统具有抗干扰能力强、采样精度高、处理速度快等优点。     

Characterization of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐isobutylstyryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) nanocomposites

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐isobutyl styryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane)s (PVP–POSS) were synthesized by one‐step polymerization and characterized using FTIR, high‐resolution ¹H‐NMR, solid‐state ¹³C‐NMR, ²⁹Si‐NMR, GPC, and DSC. The POSS content can be controlled by varying the POSS feed ratio. The T_g of the PVP–POSS hybrid is influenced by three main factors: (1) a diluent role of the POSS in reducing the self‐association of the PVP; (2) a strong interaction between the POSS siloxane and the PVP carbonyl, and (3) physical aggregation of nanosized POSS. At a relatively low POSS content, the role as diluent dominates, resulting in a decrease in T_g. At a relatively high POSS content, the last two factors dominate and result in T_g increase of the PVP–POSS hybrid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2208–2215, 2004     

Preparation and properties of (BATB–ODPA) polyimide–clay nanocomposite materials

A series of polymer–clay nanocomposite (PCN) materials consisting of 1,4‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)‐2‐tert‐butylbenzene–4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (BATB–ODPA) polyimide (PI) and layered montmorillonite (MMT) clay were successfully prepared by an in situ polymerization reaction through thermal imidization up to 300°C. The synthesized PCN materials were subsequently characterized by Fourier‐Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of material composition on thermal stability, mechanical strength, molecular permeability and optical clarity of bulk PI and PCN materials in the form of membranes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), molecular permeability analysis (GPA) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV/VIS) transmission spectra, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1072–1079, 2004     

Interval type-2 fuzzy weighted support vector machine learning for energy efficient biped walking

An interval type-2 fuzzy weighted support vector machine (IT2FW-SVM) is proposed to address the problem of high energy consumption for biped walking robots. Different from the traditional machine learning method of ‘copy learning’, the proposed IT2FW-SVM obtains lower energy cost and larger zero moment point (ZMP) stability margin using a novel strategy of ‘selective learning’, which is similar to human selections based on experience. To handle the uncertainty of the experience, the learning weights in the IT2FW-SVM are deduced using an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS), which is an extension of the previous weighted SVM. Simulation studies show that the existing biped walking which generates the original walking samples is improved remarkably in terms of both energy efficiency and biped dynamic balance using the proposed IT2FW-SVM.     

工业含磷废水除磷研究

在常温条件下，以低廉的氯化镁、碳酸氢铵作沉淀剂加入到含磷废水中除磷时，得到的一次处理液因含磷高无法达标排放。本文利用聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）作复合混凝剂，对其进行进一步除磷研究，实验研究证明，加入复合混凝剂的效果优于单独使用，并可使处理后的废水达到国家二类水排放标准。     

超细粉体微胶囊红磷阻燃剂的研制

红磷经湿法研磨预处理，在一定pH值（9．0－9．5），表面活性剂用量为0．8％－1．0％，2200Hz超声波振荡15min后，采用蜜胺树脂预聚体原位法包覆，制得了微胶囊红磷阻燃剂的超细粉体，其平均粒径为2．186um，并探讨了预处理，PH值，表面活性剂及超声波对粒度的影响。