氯胺及其与二氧化氯联用对原水管道溶解性有机物降解的影响

采用环状反应器模拟原水输水管道, 考察氯胺(NH₂Cl)及其与二氧化氯联用(NH₂Cl/ClO₂)对溶解性有机物(DOM)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和UV₂₅₄降解以及有机物荧光特性的影响。结果表明:NH₂Cl或NH₂Cl/ClO₂对DOC、UV₂₅₄和DOM的降解均产生较大的影响。相比NH₂Cl, NH₂Cl/ClO₂的影响更大, 但是有机物降解的恢复速度没有明显差异, DOC、UV₂₅₄和DOM的降解分别在停止投加氧化剂的第5 d、4 d和1 d恢复。投加氧化剂后, 芳香族有机物以向易生物降解的极性有机物的转化为主, 溶解性有机物的可生物降解能力增加。NH₂Cl和NH₂Cl/ClO₂作用后, 类蛋白质物质以及紫外区类腐殖质类物质明显减少。NH₂Cl/ClO₂更易破坏有机物中的芳香族化合物的结构, 而NH₂Cl氧化使得有机物分子结构中羰基、羟基、羧基和胺基等官能团增加, 从而有机物可生物降解能力较强。NH₂Cl和NH₂Cl/ClO₂作用后, 有机物降解作用可恢复至比未加氧化剂更高的水平, 基于卤代副产物生成的考虑, 相比NH₂Cl, NH₂Cl/ClO₂更适合用于原水输水管道的氧化。     

RDX晶体颗粒压制中的声发射现象

在RDX晶体颗粒压制实验中,采用声发射信号检测系统获取压制过程产生的声发射信号.特征参数分析显示,颗粒压制时的声发射信号极为丰富,且信号幅度、波击计数(率)和上升时间随时间的变化曲线均能分成明显的3段,分别与颗粒压制过程的3个阶段,即流动重排、变形破碎和压实阶段相对应.声发射监测结果反映了压制过程中颗粒材料力学行为的变化,为研究颗粒压制过程的行为提供了可行的依据.     

Mechanical reinforcement of poly(1‐butene) using polypropylene‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes

The mechanical properties of poly(1‐butene) reinforced by pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and polypropylene‐grafted MWNTs (PP‐g‐MWNTs) were evaluated. The incorporation of pristine MWNTs to PB led to an improvement in stiffness, but not in strength, ductility, and toughness. In comparison, PP‐g‐MWNTs were able to improve the stiffness, strength, and toughness of PB significantly, without compromising the ductility. The mechanical properties of PB improved with increasing amount of PP‐g‐MWNTs up to an effective MWNT content of 1.5 wt%. Further increase in the effective MWNT content led to a downturn in mechanical properties due to the existence of MWNTs bundles as observed by microscopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Molecular Targeting of the Oncoprotein PLK1 in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: RO3280, a Novel PLK1 Inhibitor,Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in many cancers and therefore a biomarker of transformation and potential target for the development of cancer-specific small molecule drugs. RO3280 was recently identified as a novel PLK1 inhibitor; however its therapeutic effects in leukemia treatment are still unknown. We found that the PLK1 protein was highly expressed in leukemia cell lines as well as 73.3% (11/15) of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. PLK1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in AML samples compared with control samples (82.95 ± 110.28 vs. 6.36 ± 6.35; p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that shorter survival time correlated with high tumor PLK1 expression (p = 0.002). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of RO3280 for acute leukemia cells was between 74 and 797 nM. The IC₅₀ of RO3280 in primary acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and AML cells was between 35.49 and 110.76 nM and 52.80 and 147.50 nM, respectively. RO3280 induced apoptosis and cell cycle disorder in leukemia cells. RO3280 treatment regulated several apoptosis-associated genes. The regulation of DCC, CDKN1A, BTK, and SOCS2 was verified by western blot. These results provide insights into the potential use of RO3280 for AML therapy; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.     

钴基自修复聚酰胺导电高分子材料的制备与性能

以二聚脂肪酸、二乙烯三胺、尿素等为原料制备室温自修复型聚酰胺。通过溶液水热法制备导电单质钴颗粒,并采用纳米复合工艺将导电单质钴颗粒掺杂入自修复聚酰胺体系中,经高温模压制得一种新型钴基自修复聚酰胺导电高分子材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等仪器对单质钴和自修复聚酰胺进行结构表征。系统研究了自修复聚酰胺的自修复能力及抗溶胀性能,以及自修复导电高分子材料的导电和自修复性能。结果表明,所制备的单质钴平均粒径为3.43μm,且表面粗糙易于与聚酰胺基体复合;自修复聚酰胺基体在室温下的自修复次数可达20余次;当交联剂尿素用量为6.6 g/20 g二聚脂肪酸或交联温度为145℃时,自修复聚酰胺对水、碱溶液和油具有较好的综合抗溶胀性能。当单质钴质量分数达到50%后,自修复导电高分子材料的导电率发生突变,导电能力大幅提升;单质钴的加入降低了材料的自修复能力,但单质钴质量分数为50%的材料在室温下的自修复次数仍可达10余次。由于这种材料同时具有较好的导电性能和自修复性能,有望应用于可穿戴装备、电子器件等领域。     

A unified theoretical model for breakup of bubbles and droplets in turbulent flows

Pressure has a significant effect on bubble breakup, and bubbles and droplets have very different breakup behaviors. This work aimed to propose a unified breakup model for both bubbles and droplets including the effect of pressure. A mechanism analysis was made on the internal flow through the bubble/droplet neck in the breakup process, and a mathematical model was obtained based on the Young–Laplace and Bernoulli equations. The internal flow behavior strongly depended on the pressure or gas density, and based on this mechanism, a unified breakup model was proposed for both bubbles and droplets. For the first time, this unified breakup model gave good predictions of both the effect of pressure or gas density on the bubble breakup rate and the different daughter size distributions of bubbles and droplets. The effect of the mother bubble/droplet diameter, turbulent energy dissipation rate and surface tension on the breakup rate, and daughter bubble/droplet size distribution was discussed. This bubble breakup model can be further used in a population balance model (PBM) to study the effect of pressure on the bubble size distribution and in a computational fluid dynamics‐population balance model (CFD‐PBM) coupled model to study the hydrodynamic behaviors of a bubble column at elevated pressures. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1391–1403, 2015     

An Amphiphilic BODIPY‐Porphyrin Conjugate: Intense Two‐Photon Absorption and Rapid Cellular Uptake for Two‐Photon‐Induced Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy

The new amphiphilic BODPY‐porphyrin conjugate BZnPP and its precursor BZnPH were synthesised, and their linear and two‐photon photophysical properties, together with their cellular uptake and photo‐cytotoxicity, were studied. This amphiphilic conjugate consists of a hydrophobic BODIPY moiety and a hydrophilic tetra(ethylene glycol) chain bridging a cationic triphenylphosphonium group to an amphiphilic porphyrin ZnP through acetylide linkers at its meso positions. A large two‐photon absorption cross‐section (σ=1725 GM) and a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (0.52) were recorded. Intense linear‐ and two‐photon‐induced red emissions were also observed for both BZnPP and BZnPH. Further in vitro studies showed that BZnPP exhibited very efficient cellular uptake and strong photocytotoxic but weak dark cytotoxic properties towards human breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cells. In summary, the two‐photon‐induced emission and the potent photo‐cytotoxicity of BZnPP make it an efficacious dual‐purpose tumour‐imaging and photodynamic therapeutic agent in the tissue‐transparent spectral windows.     

环氧乙烷反应器的安全设计问题

从环氧乙烯的易燃易爆性着手，剖析了传统式非离子表面活怀剂的生产中的不安全性，介绍了一种新型的安全性反应器。     

浅谈黑龙江省农作物秸秆资源综合利用

长期以来,人们对秸秆的利用,仅仅局限于烧火做饭、饲养牲畜、取暖等。若想推动农业现代化进程,对农作物秸秆的认识应有所转变。秸秆和籽实一样都是重要的农产品,秸秆青贮饲料能够促进奶业的发展,秸秆氨化能够促进肉牛业的发展,一