倒虹吸管管径计算的迭代法

本文先将倒虹吸管的管径计算公式整理成等式左边只含管径的一次方法，右边含有管径高阶非线性的迭代函数，然后证明该迭代函数收敛，最后利用数学迭代原理给迭代函数右边赋初值，计算左边的管径。继续迭代下去，就能求出倒虹吸管的管径。     

小剂量辐照小鼠胸腺细胞膜流动性的变化

报道了以茈为荧光探针,探讨小剂量~(60)Co γ射线照射后小鼠胸腺细胞膜流动性的变化。结果表明,剂量在0.25-1.00Gy范围,胸腺细胞膜流动性降低与剂量之间呈明显线性关系。从0.50Gy起,辐照组荧光强度比值I_1/I_2与I_3/I_2与对照组的比较存有显著差异(P<0.05)。提示淋巴细胞膜流动性的变化可作为小剂量辐照早期效应的敏感指标。     

An observer-based robust adaptive controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with initial rotor angle uncertainty

An observer-based robust adaptive nonlinear position and speed tracking controller is developed for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with initial rotor angle uncertainty. The unknown initial rotor position is treated as a constant motor parameter in the development of the controller. An incremental encoder, which provides relative position variation of the rotor, is used along with stator current signals to achieve stable control. However, the controller does not require the knowledge of motor parameters and it only assumes friction, external disturbances, and model uncertainties are bounded. By using state observers, the measurement of acceleration and load torque, which is required usually in the nonlinear controller design with high tracking performance, is avoided. The stability of the control system and tracking convergence are guaranteed using Lyapunov theory. Finally, the stability and efficacy of the proposed drive system are verified by experimental results.     

Growth and morphology of nanometer LiMn2O4 powder

The growth of Li_1+xMn₂O₄ via detonation reaction was investigated with respect to the presence of an energetic precursor, such as the metallic nitrate and the degree of confinement of the explosive charge. The detonation products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. Li_1+xMn₂O₄ with 1-2 μm spherical morphology and more uniform secondary particles, but with smaller primary particles of diameters from 20 to 60 nm and a variety of morphologies were found. The oxides produced by this cheap method affirmed the validity of detonation synthesis of nano-size powders.     

Synthesis and properties of novel amphiphilic sulfated ionomers by the ring‐opening reaction of an epoxidized styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer

A method for the synthesis of novel sulfated ionomer of styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was developed. SBS was first epoxidized by performic acid in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst; this was followed by a ring‐opening reaction with an aqueous solution of alkali salt of bisulfate. The optimum conditions for the ring‐opening reaction of the epoxidized SBS with an aqueous solution of KHSO₄ were studied. During the ring‐opening reaction, both phase‐transfer catalyst and ring‐opening catalyst were necessary to enhance the conversion of epoxy groups to ionic groups. The products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After the potassium ions of the ionomer were substituted with lead ions, the lead sulfated ionomer exhibited dark spots under TEM. Some properties of the sulfated ionomer were studied. With increasing ionic groups or ionic potential of the cations, the water absorbency and emulsifying volume of the ionomer and the intrinsic viscosity of the ionomer solution increased, whereas the oil absorbency decreased. The sulfated ionomer possessed excellent emulsifying properties compared with the sulfonated SBS ionomer. The sodium sulfated ionomers in the presence of 10% zinc stearate showed better mechanical properties than the original SBS. When the ionomer was blended with crystalline polypropylene, a synergistic effect occurred with respect to the tensile strength. The ionomer behaved as a compatibilizer for blending equal amounts of SBS and oil‐resistant chlorohydrin rubber. In the presence of 3% ionomer, the blend exhibited much better mechanical properties and solvent resistance than the blend without the ionomer. SEM photographs indicated improved compatibility between the two components of the blend in the presence of the ionomer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

导向剂加入方式对Y型沸石合成的影响

以煤系高岭土为原料,采用液态补硅手段调节体系SiO2/Al2O3、导向剂两步加入法合成了Y型沸石.考察了导向剂不同加入方式对Y型沸石合成的影响.采用合理的导向剂两步加入法,特别是通过控制导向剂第二步加入的时间,可明显缩短Y型沸石的晶化时间,并有效地减少P型沸石的生成.     

关于传统与现代设计理念的思考

中国传统的思维方式深深地影响了中国传统陶瓷艺术设计，中国传统陶瓷艺术设计的历史脉络清晰，深入到设计思维系统的深层，才有助于我们对当前的陶瓷设计作出有效的转化。现代陶瓷设计的观念是对传统陶瓷文化的延续和发展，深入挖掘传统思维方式的源头活水，才是发展中国现代陶瓷设计的关键。     

Role of nitric oxide and its interaction with superoxide in the suppression of cardiac muscle mitochondrial respiration. Involvement in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO); superoxide anion (O2.d-); the reaction product of NO with O2.d-, peroxynitrite (ONOO-); and ischemia/reperfusion have all been reported to inhibit respiration in isolated mitochondria. However, the specific species involved in the inhibition of respiration in intact tissues are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: O2 consumption in isolated cardiac muscle from bovine calf hearts was quantified by use of a Clark-type electrode. Exogenous and endogenous sources of NO, from S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and bradykinin or carbachol, reversibly inhibited respiration, whereas the O2.- releasing agent, pyrogallol (PG), inhibited respiration in a manner that was only partially reversed when examined 15 minutes after the removal of PG. The generation of ONOO- with SNAP + PG caused a potentiation of the O2(-)-elicited inhibition of respiration when examined 15 minutes after the removal of the ONOO- generating system. Tiron (a scavenger of O2.-) did not alter the actions of SNAP, but it attenuated the direct inhibitory effects of PG +/- SNAP and essentially eliminated the suppression of respiration observed 15 minutes after removal of the O2.- or ONOO- generating system. Urate (a scavenger of ONOO-) antagonized only the actions of PG + SNAP. After exposure of muscle slices to a model of hypoxia (15 minutes) and reoxygenation (10 minutes), respiratory inhibition was observed. This reoxygenation-induced inhibition was potentiated by L-arginine, the substrate for NO biosynthesis, and was markedly blocked by nitro-L-arginine (an NO synthase inhibitor), Tiron, or urate. CONCLUSIONS: The potentially physiological reversible regulation of respiration in cardiac muscle by NO is converted to an effect that does not show rapid reversibility under conditions in which ONOO- forms, and this could contribute to cardiac dysfunction in situations such as hypoxia/reoxygenation.     

用MS-EXCEL的规划求解模块优化油品调合

叙述了利用MS-EXCEL通用电子表格软件中的规划求解模块优化油品调合的方法,并以汽油调合为例,说明构造数学模型的方法,以及实施优化求解的具体过程。     

Experimental Study on Energy Consumption of Combined Conventional and Dehumidification Drying

Conventional drying, dehumidification drying, and combined conventional-dehumidification drying of wood were experimentally studied in this article. The results showed that the energy consumption in the dehumidification drying is the least but its drying time is the longest. The energy consumption in the combined drying is more than that in the dehumidification drying but less than that in the conventional drying, and the drying time is half of that in the dehumidification drying. The advantages of the combined conventional and dehumidification drying are discussed from the experiments results.