不同材料双层球缺罩侵彻特性的研究

采用数值模拟及钢靶侵彻试验两种方法研究了单层钛合金球缺罩、钛合金/铜、铝合金/铜双层球缺罩形成的3种杆式射流对45#钢锭靶板侵彻深度和开孔的问题。研究结果表明:不同材料的双层球缺罩形成的杆式射流对45#钢锭靶板的开孔孔径和侵彻深度大小均有直接影响,且钛合金/铜双层罩杆式射流破甲深度相对于铝合金/铜双层罩有一定提高,其开孔孔径明显增大。而单层钛合金药型罩杆式射流整体速度最大,开孔孔径较钛合金/铜、铝合金/铜双层罩杆式射流有明显提高,但破甲能力较低。研究结果对于武器战斗部设计具有一定的指导作用。     

Patterning of Discotic Liquid Crystals with Tunable Molecular Orientation for Electronic Applications

The large‐area formation of functional micropatterns with liquid crystals is of great significance for diversified applications in interdisciplinary fields. Meanwhile, the control of molecular alignment in the patterns is fundamental and prerequisite for the adequate exploitation of their photoelectric properties. However, it would be extremely complicated and challenging for discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) to achieve the goal, because they are insensitive to external fields and surface chemistry. Herein, a simple method of patterning and aligning DLCs on flat substrates is disclosed through precise control of the formation and dewetting of the capillary liquid bridges, within which the DLC molecules are confined. Large‐area uniform alignment occurs spontaneously due to directional shearing force when the solvent is slowly evaporated and programmable patterns could be directly generated on desired substrates. Moreover, the in‐plane column direction of DLCs is tunable by slightly tailoring their chemical structures which changes their self‐assembly behaviors in liquid bridges. The patterned DLCs show molecular orientation–dependent charge transport properties and are promising for templating self‐assembly of other materials. The study provides a facile method for manipulation of the macroscopic patterns and microscopic molecular orientation which opens up new opportunities for electronic applications of DLCs.     

Natural Plant Materials as Dielectric Layer for Highly Sensitive Flexible Electronic Skin

Nature has long offered human beings with useful materials. Herein, plant materials including flowers and leaves have been directly used as the dielectric material in flexible capacitive electronic skin (e‐skin), which simply consists of a dried flower petal or leaf sandwiched by two flexible electrodes. The plant material is a 3D cell wall network which plays like a compressible metamaterial that elastically collapses upon pressing plus some specific surface structures, and thus the device can sensitively respond to pressure. The device works over a broad‐pressure range from 0.6 Pa to 115 kPa with a maximum sensitivity of 1.54 kPa^?1, and shows high stability over 5000 cyclic pressings or bends. The natural‐material‐based e‐skin has been applied in touch sensing, motion monitoring, gas flow detection, and the spatial distribution of pressure. As the foam‐like structure is ubiquitous in plants, a general strategy for a green, cost‐effective, and scalable approach to make flexible e‐skins is offered here.