From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems: A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction

The central nervous system (CNS) controls and regulates the functional activities of the organ systems and maintains the unity between the body and the external environment. The advent of co-culture systems has made it possible to elucidate the interactions between neural cells in vitro and to reproduce complex neural circuits. Here, we classified the co-culture system as a two-dimensional (2D) co-culture system, a cell-based three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system, a tissue slice-based 3D co-culture system, an organoid-based 3D co-culture system, and a microfluidic platform-based 3D co-culture system. We provide an overview of these different co-culture models and their applications in the study of neural cell interaction. The application of co-culture systems in virus-infected CNS disease models is also discussed here. Finally, the direction of the co-culture system in future research is prospected.     

HN150型高效碾混机主体机构的应用研究

本文对HN150型高效混碾机进行了应用研究,通过对其主体的重新设计和局部改进来提高其性能,从而达到提高工作效率、降低运行费用的目的。     

Prime Editing: An All-Rounder for Genome Editing

Prime editing (PE), as a “search-and-replace” genome editing technology, has shown the attractive potential of versatile genome editing ability, which is, in principle, currently superior to other well-established genome-editing technologies in the all-in-one operation scope. However, essential technological solutions of PE technology, such as the improvement of genome editing efficiency, the inhibition of potential off-targets and intended edits accounting for unexpected side-effects, and the development of effective delivery systems, are necessary to broaden its application. Since the advent of PE, many optimizations have been performed on PE systems to improve their performance, resulting in bright prospects for application in many fields. This review briefly discusses the development of PE technology, including its functional principle, noteworthy barriers restraining its application, current efforts in technical optimization, and its application directions and potential risks. This review may provide a concise and informative insight into the burgeoning field of PE, highlight the exciting prospects for this powerful tool, and provide clues for questions that may propel the field forward.     

Tumor-Promoting Actions of HNRNP A1 in HCC Are Associated with Cell Cycle,Mitochondrial Dynamics,and Necroptosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. Although increasing evidence supports the role of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle A1 (HNRNP A1) in tumor progression, the function of HNRNP A1 in HCC remains unclear. Here, we focused on the role of HNRNP A1 in the development of HCC. In this study, we found HNRNP A1 participates in many aspects of HCC, such as progression and prognosis. Our results showed that HNRNP A1 is upregulated in human HCC tissues and cell lines. High expression of HNRNP A1 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cells and accelerate tumor progression in mice. Moreover, we found that HNRNP A1 prevents the senescence process of HCC cells. Knocking down of HNRNP A1 promotes the expression of P16^INK4, which arrests the cell cycle and then induces the senescence phenotype in HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that HNRNP A1 regulated necroptosis and mitochondrial dynamics. In summary, our study indicates that HNRNP A1 promotes the development of HCC, which suggests a potential therapeutic target for HCC.     

基于系统化的老旧小区海绵化改造工程精细化设计案例

在青岛市湖畔雅居和石沟社区老旧小区海绵化改造工程中,对当地集中短历时强降雨的气象条件,丘陵地形起伏大、局部易积水的地形以及地下水位低、土壤渗透性好的地质等特点进行了精细化分析,对径流控制、污染物负荷削减、管网排放能力、山洪控制、雨水利用、内涝防治等进行了精细化计算与设计,同时引入"微分区"概念精细化校核各LID及所在的微分区的蓄水能力与实际蓄水量,实行串联转输流量、相邻分区消纳,以避免出现低效率甚至无效率的海绵设施,系统地将保障水安全、改善水环境、修复水生态、涵养水资源、提升水景观结合为一个整体,并强化设计"渗、蓄、排"的透水混凝土路面、雨水调蓄池、旱溪、砾石沟等海绵措施,配置了耐旱、耐湿、耐阴、耐污染而且科学、生态、富有观赏性的植物。基于精细化设计,该工程实际运行效果良好。     

历史建筑评估中的结构方程模型研究

历史建筑评估是历史建筑保护工作中的重要一环,评估中指标体系的权重系数是保证评估工作客观有效的重要因素。在历史建筑评估工作中引入结构方程模型,科学确定历史建筑评估体系中各项指标系数,这是历史建筑评估工作定性和定量的根本保证。     

响应曲面法优化纳米氯化钙/PVDF杂化膜制备工艺的研究

利用热致相变法制备了纳米氯化钙/PVDF杂化膜,研究了不同添加量的纳米氯化钙粒子对PVDF微孔膜的膜形态、截留率、水通量以及膜强度的影响。采用响应曲面的分析方法,以PVDF膜的水通量以及膜强度为响应值,确定了最佳的纳米CaCl2粒子的添加量、PVDF的质量分数以及凝固浴温度。结果表明:纳米氯化钙的添加能显著改变PVDF膜的形态结构,随着纳米氯化钙含量的增加,海绵状孔逐渐消失,膜表面出现了大量的界面孔,膜通量以及膜强度先上升后下降,而其对截留率的影响较小,在其质量分数为5%时,截留率以及水通量达到最大值。确定的高强度膜制备工艺条件:CaCl2以及PVDF的质量分数分别为4.7%、44%,凝固温度为49.5℃,该条件下,膜截留率达到了75%,水通量达到了174L·m-2·h-1,膜强度则为29.8MPa。      

排列短块移动排序距离的新下界

近20年来,计算生物学领域一直试图用基因组重组事件来追溯物种进化的规律,因此基因组排列的重组排序问题被广泛而深入地研究.基因组重组包含翻转、移位、转位等多种形式.Bulteau等人证明排列的转位排序问题是NP-完全的.一次转位操作也称为一次块移动,短块移动是最常见的一种块移动.一次短块移动是将一个元素从排列中某个位置移动到最多偏离原来2个位置的块移动,因此也称为3-bounded 转位.针对排列短块移动排序距离问题,给出了一类特殊排列(称之为双递增排列)的短块移动排序次数的下界.以此为依据,分析原始排列中的所有最大双递增子排列,从而给出了任意排列短块移动排序次数的下界,改进了Heath和Vergara的负面结果,并为更好的近似算法的设计打下基础.     

2015年优青专题前言

国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金是基金委近年来新设的一个项目,促进创新型青年人才的快速成长,主要支持具备5～10年的科研经历并取得一定科研成就的青年科学技术人员。这一期的计算机研究与发展邀请了中科院计算所陈云霁、清华大学朱军、北京大学马思伟、中国科学技术大学刘利刚、华中科技大学廖小飞、天津大学胡清华等6位优秀青年基金获得者来介绍他们近来的工作。这些工作一定程度上体现了我国计算机领域青年科研人员锐意进取、开拓创新的风貌。     

基础软件平台的正交组合测试方法设计与应用

针对基础软件平台测试中的测试组合爆炸问题,利用正交表思想,提出了一种可用于组合优化的正交组合方法。此方法可用于基础软件平台的测试用例组合优化过程中,能够在保持覆盖度不变的情形下缩小测试用例规模,从而降低测试过程的成本与周期。通过测试过程实例表明正交组合方法优于传统的测试方法,方法在类似领域均具有较好应用前景。