基于数据采集卡的飞艇电源管理仿真系统

本文建立了一个针对平流层飞艇电源的物理仿真系统.该系统由太阳能电池、燃料电池、水电解器、镍氢电池、直流无刷电机等组成,利用中泰PCI-8333多功能数据采集卡和PC机完成系统中各个信号的,采集以及控制管理.软件部分采用VB开发,实现对整个系统的控制、各个参数信号的动态实时显示以及所需数据的保存.从而为进一步的研究打下了坚实的基础.     

Aperture-Adjustable and Repairable Metal-Based MOFs Catalysis Membrane for Water Purification

Precise adjustment of the pore size, damage repair, and efficient cleaning is all challenges for the wider application of inorganic membranes. This study reports a simple strategy of combining dry-wet spinning and electrosynthesis to fabricate stainless-steel metal–organic framework composite membranes characterized by customizable pore sizes, targeted reparability, and high catalytic activity for membrane cleaning. The membrane pore size can be precisely customized in the range of 14–212 nm at nanoscale, and damaged membranes can be repaired by targeted treatment in 120 s. In addition, advanced oxidation processes can be used to quickly clean the membrane and achieve 98% flux recovery. The synergistic actions of the membrane matrix and the selective layer increase the adsorption energy of active sites to oxidant, shorten the electron transfer cycle, and enhance the overall catalytic performance. This study can provide a new direction for the development of advanced membranes for water purification and high-efficiency membrane cleaning methods.     

Air-Stable Li2S Cathode for Quasi-Solid-State Anode-Free Batteries with High Volumetric Energy

Anode-free batteries can maximize the energy density but their development is hindered by a lack of Li-rich cathodes for compensating the irreversible Li loss. Li₂S cathode is particularly appealing to this desire due to 2.6–4.7 folds more Li content and 4.2–6.8 times higher capacity than conventional intercalation cathodes. But its practical application is hindered by poor stability against moisture attacking in the air. Herein, a facile expendable polymer sheathing strategy toward air-stable Li₂S cathodes with high capacities for developing high-performance quasi-solid-state anode-free batteries without risk of cell leakage is reported. Tight protection by dense polymer barrier dramatically prolongs the lifetime of Li₂S cathode by 2,000 times at least in the air. Such air-stable Li₂S cathode allows for high compatibility of anode-free battery production with commercial schemes. More attractively, the polymer protective layer can in situ transform to multifunctional gel polymer electrolyte for releasing ionic pathways and enhancing cell performance by inhibiting LiPS loss and smoothing Li plating. With air-stable Li₂S cathode, the quasi-solid-state anode-free cells are assembled in ambient environment to deliver superb volumetric energy density of 1093 Wh L⁻¹. This study may shed new light to push the commercialization of high-energy and reliable anode-free batteries forward.     

单双层混合绕组型低互感五相容错永磁电机的电磁问题研究

单双层混合绕组型多相容错永磁同步电机具备良好的相间物理隔离、热隔离和磁隔离能力,通过改变绕组跨距角可以改善定子磁动势谐波分布,在一定程度上降低转子涡流损耗,从而更好地兼顾容错能力和运行性能。该文针对单双层混合绕组型五相容错永磁电机展开研究,基于绕组因数分析,给出该类电机极槽配合选取原则和定子磁动势谐波分布规律,以及典型方案下的谐波比漏磁导系数随绕组跨距角的变化规律。进一步研究容错齿尺寸、模块间气隙宽度、槽口宽度等尺寸对磁动势谐波分布、转矩、互感和齿槽转矩的影响,给出高功率密度、低互感和低齿槽转矩设计原则。通过与传统单、双层分数槽集中绕组电机对比,证明了单双层混合绕组电机在磁隔离能力等方面的优势。研制了五相15槽12极单双层混合绕组电机样机,通过实验对理论分析结果进行了验证。     

面向架空线路的无人机带电无损探伤系统的研究与应用

针对目前输电线路金具压接工艺、质量检测方法准确率低且特征分辨率弱,传统探伤技术受限于设备的体积、对碳纤维导线和钢芯铝绞线适用性等问题,研制一种基于无人机的架空线路 X 光带电无损探伤系统。对压接金具在服役过程中各类缺陷的形成机理进行分析,建立关键设备状态评价体系,在此基础上,提出无人机X光带电无损探伤检测模型,采用遥感图像采集技术实现探伤图像采集,对采集的架空线路线夹遥感图像进行高斯滤波降噪处理。基于边缘检测图像分割算法对降噪输出的探伤图像进行故障缺陷分区,实现缺陷精准识别、故障定位。实验结果表明,研制的无人机带电无损探伤系统损伤检测的特征分辨能力较强,同时具备主动减振、电磁防护特性,对架空线路本体及附属设备缺陷的精益化管控具有重要意义。     

输电线路断线故障保护逻辑分析及附加判别方法

目前架空输电线路继电保护装置针对断线故障缺乏快速、准确的识别方法,导致断线故障判决、处理不及时,容易引起关联设备损坏及重大安全事故。针对断线故障后主保护和后备保护动作逻辑进行分析,阐释距离保护和零序电流保护拒动机理,并进一步提出输电线路断线故障的快速判别方法。该方法利用输电线路断线后线路两侧故障相的电压、电流变化特征构建附加断线保护判据,实现了对简单断线故障和断线再接地故障的快速识别和保护。最后,通过PSCAD输电网仿真分析和四川省某水电外送线路实例测试,验证了断线故障附加判别和保护方法的可行性和有效性。     

A high sensitivity localized surface plasmon resonance sensor based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for low refractive index detection

In this paper, a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed to solve the problem of low refractive index analyte detection. 31 silver nanowires are placed on the surface of the D-shaped PCF, which increases the contact area between the plasma material and the analyte. The simulation results indicate that the maximum sensitivity of the sensor reaches 16 400 nm/RIU, and the refractive index detection range is 1.26—1.33. It is proved that the sensor has a good prospect in low refractive index detection.     

雷达辐射源信号分选研究进展

雷达辐射源信号分选是雷达信号侦察的关键技术之一,同时也是战场态势感知的重要环节。该文系统梳理了雷达辐射源信号分选的主流技术,从基于脉间调制特征、基于脉内调制特征、基于机器学习的雷达辐射源信号分选3个角度阐述了目前雷达辐射源信号分选工作的主要研究方向及进展,并重点阐释了基于深度神经网络、数据流聚类等最新分选技术的原理与特点。最后,对现有雷达辐射源信号分选技术的不足进行了总结并对未来趋势进行了预测。      

深度学习中的权重初始化方法研究

深度神经网络训练的实质是初始化权重不断调整的过程,整个训练过程存在耗费时间长、需要数据量大等问题。大量预训练网络由经过训练的权重数据组成,若能发现预训练网络权重分布规律,利用这些规律来初始化未训练网络,势必会减少网络训练时间。通过对AlexNet、ResNet18网络在ImageNet数据集上的预训练模型权重进行概率分布分析,发现该权重分布具备单侧幂律分布的特征,进而使用双对数拟合的方式进一步验证权重的单侧分布服从截断幂律分布的性质。基于该分布规律,结合防止过拟合的正则化思想提出一种标准化对称幂律分布（NSPL）的初始化方法,并基于AlexNet和ResNet32网络,与He初始化的正态分布、均匀分布两种方法在CIFAR10数据集上进行实验对比,结果表明,NSPL方法收敛速度优于正态分布、均匀分布两种初始化方法,且在ResNet32上取得了更高的精确度。     

Experimental and numerical investigations on compressive properties of porous twisted wire materials

Wire diameter, sintering parameter, and porosity have great influences on porous structures and compressive properties of the stainless steel porous twisted wire materials with 30–92% porosities. Finer wires, higher sintering temperature, and longer sintering time will lead to narrower pore-size distributions, more compact porous structures, and stronger compressive yield strength. A random pore model and a twisted wire framework model are put forward to simulate the compressive process. The compressive deformation mechanism is a continuous densification process. The simulated and experimental stress-strain curves all exhibit elastic stage, plastic yield platform stage, and final densification stage.