Cost-sensitive three-way email spam filtering

Email spam filtering is typically treated as a binary classification problem that can be solved by machine learning algorithms. We argue that a three-way decision approach provides a more meaningful way to users for precautionary handling their incoming emails. Three email folders instead of two are produced in a three-way spam filtering system, a suspected folder is added to allow users make further examinations of suspicious emails, thereby reducing the chances of misclassification. Different from existing ternary email spam filtering systems, we focus on two issues that are less studied, that is, the computation of required thresholds to define the three email categories, and the interpretation of the cost-sensitive characteristics of spam filtering. Instead of supplying the thresholds based on intuitive understandings of the levels of tolerance for errors, we systematically calculate the thresholds based on decision-theoretic rough set model. A loss function is interpreted as the costs of making classification decisions. A decision is made for which the overall cost is minimum. Experimental results show that the new approach reduces the error rate of misclassifying a legitimate email to spam and demonstrates a better performance for the cost-sensitivity aspect.     

Prediction of multicomponent adsorption equilibrium of gas mixtures including supercritical components

A new model to predict the adsorption equilibrium of mixtures containing supercritical components was presented. The difference in the adsorption mechanism between the supercritical components and the condensable components was accounted for in the new model. Lateral interaction in the adsorbed phase was also considered in the local isotherm. The new model was verified by the experimental data of the mixture CH₄/CO₂/C₂H₆ on activated carbon JX101 collected for 283-313 K and pressures up to . It was also verified with the experimental data published previously in literature. Considerable improvement in the prediction precision was achieved in using the new model to predict the adsorption of mixtures on activated carbon.     

UHMWPE纤维/LDPE复合材料防弹性能及机理研究

本文探讨了用超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复合材料的防弹性能，研究了不同基体含量对复合材料防弹性能的影响。实验证明，UHMWPE纤维／LDPE复合材料具有较好的防弹性能，其最佳的基体含量在26％左右。同时，本文还通过分析防弹片材的断裂区域及复合材料的防弹机理确定了弹丸的变形情况和靶片“背凸”在防弹作用中的贡献。     

电除尘器绝缘子的设计与选择

根据电除尘器绝缘子的功能及工况条件，介绍了材质和结构形式的选择。对于电除尘器绝缘子材质的选择，首先要考虑承受运行电压的能力，其次是耐温性能和机械强度。对于结构形式的选择，应考虑有足够的厚度以耐电力冲击、足够大的爬电距离以防漏电或对地闪络、足够大的空间以防出现电晕或空间闪络。另外，介绍了高铝瓷绝缘子的成功应用及其优点。     

Investigation of allyl‐capped carbosilane dendrimers used as crosslinker for silicone rubber

High‐temperature vulcanized silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl‐capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecules were Si(CH₂CH?CH₂)₄ and Ph₂Si(CH₂CH?CH₂)₂ as crosslinker and nanoscale reinforcing filler, respectively. Allyl‐capped carbosilane dendrimers improved the mechanical properties of silicone rubber. The optimum tensile strength and tear strength were 9.6 MPa and 31.0 kN/m, respectively, when using SiG_n(allyl)m as the crosslinker and 10.1 MPa and 32.0 kN/m, respectively, when using Ph₂SiG_n(allyl)m as the crosslinker. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1772–1775, 2006     

数码辅助方法在毛细管流变仪测量粘度的应用

讨论了传统流变仪测量粘度上存在的问题，提出了改进的方案测量粘度，以减少误差。试验方案主要体现在用数码方法采集数据。     

On compatibility of uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations based on the linguistic COWGA

The aim of this work is to develop a new compatibility for the uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations and utilize it to determine the optimal weights of experts in the group decision making (GDM). First, the compatibility degree and compatibility index for the two multiplicative linguistic preference relations are proposed. Then, based on the linguistic continuous ordered weighted geometric averaging (LCOWGA) operator, some concepts of the compatibility degree and compatibility index for the two uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations are presented. We prove the property that the synthetic uncertain linguistic preference relation is of acceptable compatibility under the condition that the uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations given by experts are all of acceptable compatibility with the ideal uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relation, which provides a theoretic basis for the application of the uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations in GDM. Next, an optimal model is constructed to determine the weights of experts based on the criterion of minimizing the compatibility index in GDM. Moreover, an approach to GDM with uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations is developed, and finally, an application of the approach to supplier selection problem with uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations is pointed out.     

Active learning of Gaussian processes with manifold-preserving graph reduction

As a recently proposed machine learning method, active learning of Gaussian processes can effectively use a small number of labeled examples to train a classifier, which in turn is used to select the most informative examples from unlabeled data for manual labeling. However, in the process of example selection, active learning usually need consider all the unlabeled data without exploiting the structural space connectivity among them. This will decrease the classification accuracy to some extent since the selected points may not be the most informative. To overcome this shortcoming, in this paper, we present a method which applies the manifold-preserving graph reduction (MPGR) algorithm to the traditional active learning method of Gaussian processes. MPGR is a simple and efficient example sparsification algorithm which can construct a subset to represent the global structure and simultaneously eliminate the influence of noisy points and outliers. Thereby, when actively selecting examples to label, we just choose from the subset constructed by MPGR instead of the whole unlabeled data. We report experimental results on multiple data sets which demonstrate that our method obtains better classification performance compared with the original active learning method of Gaussian processes.     

水性涂料分散剂PD的生产

本文介绍了水性涂料分散剂大分子萘磺酸甲醛缩合物的钠盐(PD)的生产工艺流程，并与国外同类产品的性能技术指标进行了对比，结果表明：该产品完全可以作为国外同类产品的替代品，具有较高的使用和推广价值。     

掺粉煤灰的橡塑复合材料研究和开发

概述了粉煤灰再利用的必要性及掺有粉煤灰的橡塑复合材料的应用研究和开发概况，介绍了国内橡塑粉煤灰复合材料的研究及开发进展，综述了橡塑粉煤灰复合材料的应用。