磷化液总酸度的研究

引进了净总酸度的概念，在大量实验数据的基础上，利用回归统计方法，探讨了锌系磷化液中净总酸度与ＣＺｎ２＋和ＣＨ２ＰＯ－４的定量函数关系，举例说明在实际生产中的应用。     

Tubular membrane cathodes for scalable power generation in microbial fuel cells

One of the greatest challenges for using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for wastewater treatment is creating a scalable architecture that provides large surface areas for oxygen reduction at the cathode and bacteria growth on the anode. We demonstrate here a scalable cathode concept by showing that a tubular ultrafiltration membrane with a conductive graphite coating and a nonprecious metal catalyst (CoTMPP) can be used to produce power in an MFC. Using a carbon paper anode (surface area Aan = 7 cm2, surface area per reactor volume Aan,s = 25 m2/m3), an MFC with two 3-cm tube cathodes (Acat = 27 cm2, Acat,s = 84 m2/m3) generated up to 8.8 W/m3 (403 mW/m2) using glucose [0.8 g/L in a 50 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS)], which was only slightly less than that produced using a carbon paper cathode with a Pt catalyst (9.9 W/m3, 394 mW/m2; Acat= 7 cm2, Acat,s= 25 m2/m3). Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) with carbon paper anodes were 25-40% with tube cathodes (CoTMPP), compared to 7-19% with a carbon paper cathode. When a high-surface-area graphite brush anode was used (Aan = 2235 cm2, Aan,s = 7700 m2/m3) with two tube cathodes placed inside the reactor (Acat = 27 cm2, Acas, = 93 m2/m3), the MFC produced 17.7 W/m3 with a CE = 70-74% (200 mM PBS). Further increases in the surface area of the tube cathodes to 54 cm2 (120 m2/m3) increased the total power output (from 0.51 to 0.83 mW), but the increase in volume resulted in a constant volumetric power density (approximately 18 W/m3). These results demonstrate that an MFC design using tubular cathodes coated with nonprecious metal catalysts, and brush anodes, is a promising architecture that is intrinsically scalable for creating larger systems. Further increases in power output will be possible through the development of cathodes with lower internal resistances.     

伴大豆球蛋白胃蛋白酶水解肽对双歧杆菌增殖的影响

大豆种子的贮藏蛋白主要由2种球蛋白组成,伴大豆球蛋白(conglycinin)是其中一种,它由3个不同的亚基组成。文中对伴大豆球蛋白进行了分离纯化,并研究了其体外经过胃蛋白酶水解后的肽对双歧杆菌增殖的影响。结果表明,分离纯化的伴大豆球蛋白纯度为90.13％,可供生理功能的研究,经胃蛋白酶水解后的肽能够促进双歧杆菌的增殖,表现出一定的生物活性作用。     

膳食补充片剂(胶囊)的生产

介绍了膳食补充片剂(胶囊)的配方设计原理及生产注意事项。阐述了不同人群及特殊需求的膳食补充或具有保健功能的片剂(胶囊)等的配方设计以及生产工艺和操作要点。同时对我国膳食补充或具有保健功能的片剂(胶囊)的发展进行预测及展望。     

表面活性剂对酶与明胶作用体系的影响

为了正确将表面活性剂使用到制革的酶处理工序中,本试验分别在胰酶和AS1.398酶溶液中添加质量浓度10%的明胶和不同量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(阴离子型表面活性剂)、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(阳离子型表面活性剂)和平平加O(非离子型表面活性剂),来测定不同表面活性剂对酶活力和明胶水解程度的影响。试验表明:3种表面活性剂对酶活均起到激活作用;但添加阴离子型表面活性剂后,明胶的水解程度提高。为了探究它们在溶液中所起的主导性作用,在试验第二步,将3种表面活性剂加入到质量浓度0.4%明胶+酶的混合液中,研究混合液在37℃时的Zeta电位的变化。试验表明:加入阴离子型,Zeta电位的绝对值提升;加入阳离子型,Zeta电位从负变为正;加入非离子型,Zeta电位绝对值降低。结合实际制革生产中对皮革高性能的要求,研究表明:在进行酶软化时,应优先选择非离子型表面活性剂。     

Electricity generation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1

Bacteria able to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are of great interest, but there are few strains capable of high power production in these systems. Here we report that the phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1, isolated from an MFC, produced electricity at higher power densities (2720 +/- 60 mW/m2) than mixed cultures in the same device. While Rhodopseudomonas species are known for their ability to generate hydrogen, they have not previously been shown to generate power in an MFC, and current was generated without the need for light or hydrogen production. Strain DX-1 utilizes a wide variety of substrates (volatile acids, yeast extract, and thiosulfate) for power production in different metabolic modes, making it highly useful for studying power generation in MFCs and generating power from a range of simple and complex sources of organic matter. These results demonstrate that a phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium can efficiently generate electricity by direct electron transfer in MFCs, providing another model microorganism for MFC investigations.     

菠菜色素提取方法的改进及稳定性研究

采用有机溶剂浸泡法和超声波辅助技术从菠菜叶中提取色素,比较两者的提取效率,并对其在pH、光照、温度、氧化剂、还原剂、常见金属离子及食品添加剂等条件下的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:菠菜色素的最佳提取工艺条件:提取剂,乙醇;料液比(g:mL),1:5;提取温度,50℃;提取时间,60 min;超声波功率,200W;色素在酸性条件下相对稳定;K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、温度的变化,氧化剂、还原剂及食品添加剂的加入对色素的影响不大;其耐光性比较差。     

真丝／氨纶包覆丝的性能测试及分析

本文从真丝／氨纶包覆弹力丝织物的特点，织造要求出发，系统测试了部分真丝／氨纶包覆丝的性能，提出了满足织造要求和保证织物质量的真丝／氨纶包覆丝性能指标，为保证该类织物的产品质量提供了依据。     

超滤生产银耳多糖工艺初探

本文对超滤法生产银耳多糖工艺进行研究。银耳多糖是大分子物质,在小试基础上,探讨银耳多糖的提取条件,优化工艺参数,在超滤分离纯化、浓缩银耳多糖过程中,物料的不同温度、pH、操作压力对超滤效果的影响。结果表明:超滤法生产的银耳多糖,其产品的纯度、产率、单位时间的产量都有大幅度的提高。     

湿热处理对锥栗原淀粉及分离组分回生的影响

运用差示扫描量热分析仪研究了湿热处理对锥栗原淀粉、直链淀粉、中间成分和支链淀粉回生的影响。经湿热处理的锥栗原淀粉、支链淀粉在冷藏相同时间后的回生吸热峰起始温度(TO)、峰值温度(TP)、终止温度(TF)按湿热处理温度80、180、140和110℃递减,经湿热处理的锥栗直链淀粉在冷藏相同时间后的TO、TP、TF和吸热焓(ΔH)则按湿热处理温度80、180、110和140℃递减;经湿热处理的锥栗淀粉中间成分在冷藏相同时间后的TO、TP、TF和ΔH以80℃湿热处理时为最大,110、140和180℃湿热处理时的基本没有变化。经湿热处理的锥栗原淀粉、直链淀粉、中间成分和支链淀粉凝胶体系,在4℃冷藏前1周回生速度很快而后趋于平稳。